A Book Report Of Pride And Prejudice - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1139 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/05/31 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Pride and Prejudice Essay Did you like this example? A book report of Pride and Prejudice Pride and Prejudice was wrote by Jane Austen (1775-1817), who is one of the greatest novelists in Britain. She was born in a advantageous family which provided her a good environment to accept proper education. She had shown excellent talents in language explaining and writing when she was only 13 years old. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "A Book Report Of Pride And Prejudice" essay for you Create order In 1800, her father was retired from a rector and she had to move to Bath with him, where was said that she was very miserable, suffering from depression. And at that time, she refused a proposal of a young man who was going to inherit a large fortune because she didn’t love him whatsoever. About four years later, her father passed away and she had to move with her remarried mother to Southampton. In 1816, her health descended into an extremely bad situation and unfortunately, she was took from us in July 18th, 1817. Much as she was took from us, we also have taken something immortal from her. Pride and Prejudice is one of the most shining heritage. Its first edition was named First Impressions, but unluckily the publisher were appealed to gothic novels written by Ann Radcliffe so it didn’t come out. After years emending, Pride and Prejudice was finally published in 1813 as the third novel that Jane Austen wrote, including about 3 volumes, 61 chapters and 243000 words. It presents us a love story between two leading characters: Elizabeth Bennet and Mr. Darcy, who is a gentle but introverted landlord. The gist of the story is as follows. Elizabeth Bennet and her four sisters Kitty Bennet, Marry Bennet, Lydia Bennet, Jane Bennet (the oldest one) has approached their ages to find husbands. Nevertheless, the second child of Mrs. Bennet, Elizabeth Bennet, has no tend to find her Prince Charming and always refuses her mom’s repeated requests, which makes Mrs. Bennet very much annoyed and worried but has nothing to do with. This awkward situation changes entirely since Mr. Darcy has been coming into her world. Elizabeth is the most diligent and clever girl among her 4 sisters, and also she is a college student who pays seldom attention to the marriage. But when Mr. Darcy hits her, her firm convection is being challenged. As for Darcy, he is instantly captured by this beauty and wants to proposes to her in spite of a wide division between their families’ background. (Mr. Darcy is a rich landlord of North England) However, Elizabeth refused him grimly cause she has a prejudice on what he behaves. Mr. Darcy is not a guy who is good at expressing himself and what’s worse, a friend of his, George Wickham, always diffuses his so-called scandal and slanders him what with jealousy. Also, Elizabeth figures that Mr. Darcy is too superior and arrogant to associate with. But in point of fact, Darcy never means to it, what causes it is that he is a great landlord and this makes a misunderstanding of different social class. As time goes by, Elizabeth finds that he is not that person she used to think and Mr. Darcy shows a respectful aspect to her so the misunderstanding and prejudice melt away progressively. In the end of the story, Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy are finally shot by Cupid, ushering in a com pletely new life. Also Elizabeth’s 4 sisters find their true love of course. Just like Jane Austen said at the beginning of this book: A person may be proud without being vain. Pride relates more to our opinion of ourselves, vanity to what we would have others think of us. As for me, it’s not only a romantic story but also a educative fable which teaches us how to find our lifelong true love. A detail which is worth being noticed, leaving me a remarkable impression, is that the first time Mr. Darcy proposes to Elizabeth in chapter 34. Mr. Darcy tries his best to calm himself down but finally his emotions to Elizabeth show up. He says: In vain have I struggled. It will not do. My feelings will not be repressed. You must allow me to tell you how ardently I admire and love you. But Elizabeth refused his proposal unmercifully and says: I have every reason in the world to think ill of you. No motive can excuse the unjust and ungenerous part you acted there. You dare not, you cannot deny that you have been the principal, if not the only means of dividing them from each other, of exposing one to the censure of the world for caprice and instability, the other to its derision for disappointed hopes, and involving them both in misery of the acutest kind. This awkward and misunderstood situation is one of the climaxes in this novel, which presents a colossal gap between them. Of course this is not because what Darcy really is but different life experiences and opinions. Why â€Å"Love† is love itself is that, absolutely, it is always built up with opposite thoughts and colorful opinions, making matrimony a lifelong journey. And what happens between Elizabeth and Darcy reflects a fact that nothing is going on smoothly at first, including marriage. Only if we devote our genuine feelings and true love with absolute responsibility and patience to our partner can we have a long and romantic matrimony. Additionally, a love without any frictions is imperfect and meaningless. On the way of pursuing you love is always full of picturesque spectacles, but what you are supposed to do is to find what scenery you enjoy best and hold it firmly. May be you will be confused by money, power and something seductive while shallow, but you ought to bury it within you that those are never the stander to measure how the true love can be, just avoid those who try to defame you and tease you. After all, your love is what you make it, which is your own business. The last but not the least, from an admirer to a lifelong partner is a progressive procedure, which needs patience and responsibility. Love occurs in daily company and everyday details, and it is a fond feelings from your soul to your partner. Just take your responsibility and patience, then both of you will be overwhelming to conquer every obstructions which block on the way of your life. At last, I am willing to recommend this book intensively for its romance and educational significance. It uses graceful dialogues to express an eternal theme in pure love. And what is the most essential thing that it teaches me is, be the owner of your cherish management and struggle for your love bravely. I want to cite a sentence from Edward Scissorhands (A film directed by Tim Burton, screened in 1990.12.) to end my report: Where there is great love, there are always miracles.

The Impact Of Social Media On Young People Essay - 1679 Words

Social media is a term that is utilized in describing the interaction between individuals or groups where they produce, share ad sometimes, exchange ideas in virtual communities and the internet. The consequences of social networks on young people have become significant. Most of them have grown up surrounded by mobile devices and also interactive social networking sites such as Facebook, Twitter and also Instagram which has made these social networks a critical factor of their life. The social network has transformed the manner that students interact with their parents, their friends and also how they utilize technology (Correa, Hinsley, and De Zuniga, 2010). The world has become a global village. From the conclusions made in the study done by Mangold, and Faulds, (2009) it is clear that very person is connected to one another in this broad network that is generated by the internet. The developed electronic independence has recreated the world in the image of a global village. The electronic independence is mainly dependent upon the web. It consistently illuminates the lives of several thousands of people through spreading knowledge in an international spectrum, thereby making every individual a global citizen. Boyd, (2014) stated that in the past, the communication process and free sharing of thoughts among people were hindered by long distance, religion or nationality. But currently, event these issues cannot stop the flow of knowledge and information. The current systemShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Social Media On Young People1423 Words   |  6 Pagestime all generations have come to embrace the changes the social media has brought o n our lives where teenagers and young adults are the most fanatic users of these social sites. The impact of social media on young people is undoubtedly significant and comes in two folds; positive and negative. On the positive side, these social media can act as invaluable tools for astounding teenagers who tend to do well through the use of the social media. For instance, one of the highest paid youtubers are teenagersRead MoreThe Impact Of Social Media On Young People1065 Words   |  5 PagesSocial media is a term used to describe the interaction between groups or individuals in which they produce, share, and sometimes exchange ideas over the internet and in virtual communities. The impact of social networks on young people is significant. Teenagers are growing up surrounded by mobile devices and interactive social networking sites such as Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook, which has made the social media a vital aspect of their life. Social network is transforming the manner in whichRead MoreThe Impact Of New Social Media Technology On Young People1491 Words   |  6 PagesThe Impact of new social media technologies on young people OBSTRACT How the new social media technologies’ impacting on young people in today’s society? The study will examine the positive and negative impact of new media technologies on young people. It will explores on how new media technologies such as computer games, video games, face book, television, twitter, mobile phones, you tube, internet, television, whatsApp, Viber, Snap chat, and other modern technology are playing major role onRead MoreThe Impact Of Social Media On Young People, And How It Affects Them? Essay1871 Words   |  8 PagesI. Introduction: a. Hook: What are the influence the social networking sites has on young people, and how it affects them? (i) Since World Wide Web appeared in the world in the year of 1991, the social media sites, such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram, became popular during the last decade. (ii) The social media is widely used in this generation, as 68% of American adults use Facebook, and 28% of them use Instagram, while 26% for Pinterest, and 21% for Twitter (Greenwood et al.). Besides, theRead MoreSocial Media Has a Negative Effect on Body Image and Self Esteem1202 Words   |  5 Pages Social media has become one of the most popular sources of communication for the upcoming generation. For young people growing up in today’s society, social media outlets such as Facebook, Instagram and Twitter have provided pictures and news that have become the first thing that their eyes see in the morning and the last thing that they see before bed. These pictures have provided unrealistic standards as to what is considered beautiful in today’s society. As young people refer to these imagesRead MoreThe Impact Of Social Media On Teen Substance1033 Words   |  5 Pagesalcohol (Impact of Social Media on Teen Substance). The one thing parents do not think about at to why their teenager is involved in drugs and alcohol is social media, and it could be a big reason (Impact of Social Media on Teen Substance). Parents talk to their children on how to make the right decision related to drugs and alcohol, but forget they need to address how to make right decisions on soci al media (Impact of Social Media on Teen Substance). It was found that teenagers who use social mediaRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Social Media Essay1714 Words   |  7 PagesSocial media has become a very popular, valuable asset for everyone all over the world. Social media s great to use when reconnecting with an old friend, promoting a new business, or just when one needs a good laugh. While social media has great advantages, it also carries many disadvantages, particularly for the youth. While most adults are not able to let social media consume a large portion of their time, adolescents frequently become consumed in social media. That being said, almost every adolescentRead MoreSocial Media Disadvantages1246 Words   |  5 PagesSocial media is a way for people to communicate anywhere and at any time. Some people think that it is beneficial to have in society. Although, many people are starting to see negative effects arise from the use of social media as well. The se negative effects are increasing and becoming more problematic every day. The disadvantages of social media far outweigh the advantages. Social media effects everyone in society, especially teenagers by negatively impacting their lives, face-to-face interactionsRead MoreImpacts of Social Media on German Youth by Nazis1026 Words   |  4 PagesImpacts of social media The English Definition of social media is â€Å"websites and other online means of communication that are used by large groups of people to share information and to develop social and professional contacts† (â€Å"social media†). In comparison a German professor defines social media like this: Social media is used for the connection of their users and their communication through the Internet (Prof. Dr. Oliver Bendel). One can see that the definition is nearly the same although the peopleRead MoreSocial Media and Its Impact on Social Behavior1455 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Media and its Impact on Social Behavior Social Media and its Impact on Social Behavior Introduction Social media has drastically changed how people communicate. How many people remember how it feels to hear the phone ring in the house or receive a letter in the mail? Today’s youth know nothing other than text messages, tweets, and Facebook. Social media and the social entertaining websites of today have affected social behavior in many ways. While there are many advantages to this technological

Person centred therapy free essay sample

Looking at the underlying theory (self-actualisation, organismic self, conditions of worth etc), and the originators of it, namely Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers, I shall consider its strengths and weaknesses and look at the way in which Rogers explains and responds to psychological disorders to explore to what extent his approach might be useful in their treatment. Person-centred therapy first came into being in the 1930s and 40s with work by Dr Carl Rogers which he based, in part, on work by Abraham Maslow. Both were considered to be the founders of humanistic psychology which was also based on phenomenology. Maslow developed the idea of a ‘hierarchy of needs’ that suggested we are motivated by a series of needs that exist from birth. Each of these needs, the most basic of which is survival, has to be fulfilled. Our ultimate aim, after our physical needs have been met, and a sense of belonging and esteem achieved, is self actualisation (that is the complete fulfilment of one’s potential). Each of these needs, the most basic of which is survival, has to be fulfilled. Our ultimate aim, after our physical needs have been met, and a sense of belonging and esteem achieved, is self actualisation (that is the complete fulfilment of one’s potential). ‘The central truth for Rogers was that the client knows best. ’He believed that it was a counsellor’s task ‘to enable the client to make contact with his own inner resources rather than to guide, advise or in some other way, influence the direction the client should take’. 2 5th November 2013 Essay 1: ‘Evaluate the claim that Person–Centred Therapy offers the therapist all that he/she will need to treat clients’. Many clients seek therapy because they are lost or stuck and they cannot see the way forward. They have lost all sense of esteem because they behave, unconsciously, according to a set of rules or what we might term ‘conditions of worth’ that were dealt out to them by their parents or carers in their childhood. These are often outdated for the adult self but because the client has not yet recognised this they continue to play out in their everyday life, in the ‘here and now’. If a person considers themselves to be useless, inept, worthless, they will continuously seek out validation for that claim, seeking approval for their actions yet never feeling that they wholly achieve this. This self-concept of worthlessness has taken hold over the years and is internalised so that it becomes, by the time a client seeks help, something so destructive and hidden it will take a lot of patience and effective listening on the part of the counsellor to enable the client to feel safe enough to begin, and continue, self-disclosing. Such people are not aware of their real selves anymore; they are cut off from what, in person-centred terms is known as the organismic self. They have become so dependent on approval that they behave in ways that will elicit this in detriment to what is really needed for their psychological well-being and this, in turn, can impact on their physical health. Because the client is so terrified of not gaining positive approval and fears being rejected it can mean that the person-centred approach takes a long time to get 5th November 2013 Essay 1: ‘Evaluate the claim that Person–Centred Therapy offers the therapist all that he/she will need to treat clients’. anywhere. The ‘conditions of worth’ have been imposed so strictly the time frame of a counselling session, usually 50 minutes, is only long enough to break through a little, and then a counsellor may have to start all over again in the next session as the client has once again retreated into the safer behaviour of the ‘here and now’. What any person-centred counsellor is hoping to do is allow the client to move themselves forward, to self-actualise and determine what their most innate being, their organismic self, the being they were born into before they were conditioned by others values, is saying. In other words teach the client to learn to listen to their inner self, their intuitive gut feeling. It is hoped that by applying what Rogers termed the three ‘core conditions’ within a counselling session, every time, a climate of growth can exist. These three are known as the elements of unconditional positive regard, congruence and empathy. The counsellor’s aim is to provide the client with absolute and total acceptance; by providing this unconditional positive regard it is hoped to eventually free the client to express themselves in an environment that, no matter what, will remain always non-judgemental and positive. Secondly, congruence or genuineness should allow the client to feel ok about being their real self. If the counsellor is congruent the client may learn, with time that it is 5th November 2013 Essay 1: ‘Evaluate the claim that Person–Centred Therapy offers the therapist all that he/she will need to treat clients’. totally acceptable to be who they really are and thus they may develop in a way they previously couldn’t. Thirdly, and perhaps the most difficult to describe (because I feel this is just instinctive, an ‘intuitive knowing’, when one senses what a client is feeling), is empathy. This is the ability to put oneself in the client’s shoes and show that one really does understand, hear and accept, the way in which the client perceives the world. All worthy aims, there may however be problems with all of these elements. It is not always easy to remain non-judgemental and positive. Once a person starts to become more like more like their real self we may find we do not like them as much so it is harder to remain congruent. Also empathy is a quality that can fluctuate from one day to the next or even within one session. Personal difficulties or one’s own frame of mind may exert an influence. Defensiveness, embarrassment, one’s own expectations – all these may be blocks to empathy with stereotyping, interpreting, projecting, identifying with and reassuring being the resulting behaviour. What is crucial for any person-centred counsellor to understand is that they must, therefore, work on themselves because if they can’t accept themselves with all their own flaws, their restlessness, their lack of contentment, they are not in a position to help someone else. Evaluate the claim that Person–Centred Therapy offers the therapist all that he/she will need to treat clients’. ‘Not to be self-accepting is to entertain a contradiction at the very centre of the therapeutic enterprise’3 and herein lies a very real weakness of the person-centred approach. A counsellor can only help a client go as far as they have been themselves; they have to be willing to change and grow and often this involves feeling and experiencing a great deal of guilt in facing up to the truth about the self. Guilt is a complex emotion that masks all sorts of underlying emotions and it can take a lot of unravelling. If the counsellor has not learned about themselves in personal therapy and how their own feelings of guilt may come from the fact that they haven’t lived up to someone else’s (usually their parents) expectations, they themselves can feel worthless, depressed, a failure and then rather than transmit positivity to a client can transfer negativity. As one reads in Person-Centred Counselling in Action) ‘Counsellors learn to wait patiently for change in their clients but often find it difficult to extend to themselves the same forbearance. And yet the failure to do so makes their acceptance of their clients’ slowness or resistance to change an act at the deepest level, of patronising tolerance. ’ (p25) Indeed in the 1940s there were a lot of criticisms of person-centred therapy on a number of different grounds. As one can read in ‘An introduction to counselling’: 5th November 2013 Evaluate the claim that Person–Centred Therapy offers the therapist all that he/she will need to treat clients’. ‘A special issue of the Journal of Clinical Psychology, published in1948, brought together a collection of critiques of non-directive therapy from leading figures within the profession. ’4 Amongst those ideas contested was that of the ‘non-directive’ approach. Many of those writing said that it just was not possible for one person in a close relationship with another not to influence them slightly one way or another. At the same time there was a move away from so much emphasis on looking at what the counsellor did to focussing on how the process of self concept existed in the client and thus in the 50s this led to the process being renamed client-centred therapy . In 1957 Rogers set out to test his theories on a new set of people. These were clients who were schizophrenic and he wanted to test specifically whether the ‘core conditions’ and the ‘process’ models worked. The team working with him found many differences and in the end came to the conclusion that ‘the client-centred approach was not particularly effective  with this type of client’ as one psychologist Schlien discovered, they ‘were locked in their own private worlds’. (p172) In more recent times, Masson 1988, has been particularly critical of Rogers saying that in no way could the ‘appalling institutionalisation and oppression’ of these patients be genuinely felt or ac cepted as in the client-centred model. He wrote: 5th November 2013 Essay 1: ‘Evaluate the claim that Person–Centred Therapy offers the therapist all that he/she will need to treat clients’. ‘How could he have come to terms so easily with the coercion and violence that dominated their everyday existence? Nothing [written by Rogers] indicates any genuinely human response to the suffering he encountered in this large state hospital. ’(p172) I think, however, I would need to read some more on this because as it stands this statement seems to be very judgemental with reference to Rogers and I cannot believe that the founding father of person-centred therapy really had no ‘genuinely human response’ to suffering! Carl Rogers was also fascinated by cultural experience and indeed travelled to all parts of the world but McDougal, writing in 2002, says that ‘the [person-centred approach] inevitably lacks relevance and resonance for other cultural groups’. Whilst the positivity, the focus on the individual self and treating everyone equally no matter what, are things which match really well in American culture they may not have the same influence elsewhere. It can be argued that the therapy doesn’t take into account different cultural values and beliefs e. g. In Japan the Japanese psychologist Fujio Tomoda said that: ‘envisaging self in terms of the idea of a self concept ran the risk of over-defining an entity that in Japanese culture would be understood in a more ambiguous way as something that can ultimately never be put into words’. 5 5th November 2013 Essay 1: ‘Evaluate the claim that Person–Centred Therapy offers the therapist all that he/she will need to treat clients’. Generally speaking though it does seem that ‘the person-centred approach to counselling represents a philosophically coherent and practically robust  approach to therapy that has remained largely unchanged since the 1960s’ (p202) and it has helped a lot of people but, in my opinion it does have its limits. This is where other approaches come into play and can extend the person-centred approach. As I said earlier person-centred therapy may offer positivity and validity for the way a person is feeling in the present but I feel it does not reach far enough by not looking at how the person’s present behaviour has been determined by what has happened in their past. Some therapists who have also shared my opinion have looked at ways in which it could be integrated with other therapies. Those who work only in a ‘person-centred’ way stick to some basic philosophical assumptions about the nature of the person which I don’t think allow for greater diversity or knowledge about why something has happened and what contribution past upbringing has had on the present. For example, if one considers psychodynamic counselling, one believes that relationships with parents and one’s upbringing play a significant part in the development of a person and that in any therapy session there is more than just the client and the counsellor in the room. At any different time there can be the mother, the father, the brother, the sister etc present and through the interplay of transference and counter-transference, which is 5th November 2013 Evaluate the claim that Person–Centred Therapy offers the therapist all that he/she will need to treat clients’. acted out all the time between client and counsellor, the latter can gain insights into the client’s behaviour which may prove significant and enlightening to the client. The person-centred approach would disagree with this concept, particularly the power of unconscious drives and instincts, and it would be irrelevant to their method of achieving self- actualisation. I, however, believe that it is the unconscious that can hold us back and that our relationships with our parents and siblings can have a profound effect on our lives. I think that if we do not realise something about ourselves, where a certain behaviour has come from and why, then we are forced to keep repeating it and it will have a significant influence on us as a person. It is through understanding and making the unconscious conscious that we can liberate ourselves and learn to behave in ways that are more productive for us. We can learn about ourselves as whole people instead of parts and thus become the ‘fully functioning’ person we are supposed to be. Yes, I believe in this ‘fully functioning’ person as suggested by person-centred therapy but I believe that our method of achieving it must involve so much more than recognised by the former approach. Rogers described the concepts of  congruence  and  incongruence  as important ideas in his theory. Congruent people may lead lives that are authentic and genuine whilst incongruent people, on the other hand, lead lives that include falseness and do not Evaluate the claim that Person–Centred Therapy offers the therapist all that he/she will need to treat clients’. realise their potential. Conditions put on them by others make it necessary for them to give up their genuine, authentic lives to meet with the approval of others. They live lives that are not true to themselves and can suffer as a result. Rogers suggested that the incongruent individual, who is always on the defensive and cannot be open to all experiences, is not functioning ideally. They work hard at maintaining and protecting their self-concept through defence mechanisms but because their lives are not authentic this is a difficult task and they are under constant threat, becoming neurotic and psychologically vulnerable. Their defences may even stop working altogether with bizarre and irrational behaviour leading to great anxiety. A Rogerian approach would help them learn to adopt a more realistic self-concept by accepting who they are and thus becoming less reliant on the acceptance of others. To do this there would need to be a genuine, empathic, and nonjudgmental acceptance of the client with  active listening, accurate mirroring and reflecting of the thoughts and feelings of the client which would then need clarification by echoing and restating what the client has said. Thus some resolution may be achieved. However, whilst resolution is possible for many people with this approach I have tried to show that it doesn’t go far enough and although it provides some adequate tools for the therapist it is my belief that other therapies can offer so much more.

Public Administration Research and Theory

Question: Discuss about the Public Administration Research and Theory. Answer: Introduction Undoubtedly, people are the most costly, valuable and important resource of any organisation and the management of this resource can have a direct impact on their individual performance and the enterprise as a whole. When changes in the structure of an organisation take place, there is requirement for additional people to fill the new position. The job responsibilities of the existing employees also change; thus, it is vital to change the current pay model of being used. Since the electronics manufacturing services (EMS) company conducted a process for business transformation, various functions were reorganised and there was requirement of new people to fulfil new positions that required special competencies. After these changes, it has become imperative to reorganise the existing salary structure so that internal equity is maintained and no employee gets more or less than what is deserved. The learner has analysed the new internal pay structure that the EMS Company can adopt so that payment is done fairly. This analysis has been done by evaluating the job roles and responsibilities of the operations manager, design engineer and business unit manager of the company. Process of designing the internal pay structure of the EMS Company Pay or salary is vital for attaining the strategic goals of an organisation and the behaviours and attitudes of an employee are impacted because of it (Armstrong, 2010). A proper structure and policy for pay should be in place because if there is fairness in the level of pay, then the employees are motivated to work, otherwise their efficiency gets affected. The pay model is created by taking into account all the goals and objectives of the business organisation, and strategic thinking should be applied to ensure that the strategy is successful and both the employees as well as the organisation benefits from it. Deciding on the level of pay is based on several things; and three main building blocks are present in the framework, which includes the: Objectives of the pay structure The pay structure has to be created in such a manner that certain basic objectives are achieved, which includes complying with the laws and legislation, fairness and efficiency. Efficiency includes controlling the cost of labour, making the stockholders and customers happy, enhancing quality and improving performance (Shields et al. 2015). The main motive of the EMS Company is to provide exceptional service to its customers by undertaking services in design work and providing technical support activities for the products of their clients. Thus, the compensation objective should emphasise its dedication towards its consumers, success of the business, and its performance. The salary for all positions will be competitive with various other enterprises that are at the same level with the organisation. Fairness is a primary objective of the pay system, and this company emphasises on understanding and being open to its employees and treating them fairly. Thus, the pay will be decided treating all the employees fairly and recognising their needs and performance. For example, employees having higher training, experience or performance will receive higher pay. The design of the pay system will be guided by the objectives, mission and vision of the company (Till and Karren, 2011, p.42). This model has been adopted by keeping the vision and mission of the company in mind. The vision of the company is to create value for its consumers by providing efficient and innovative solutions and services for electronic manufacturing. The mission of the company is to excel in on-time deliver, cost minimisation, value addition, and quality and innovation implementation. This EMS Company also wants to ensure that the employees have high level of commitment, motivation and morale, by efficiently defining its training, recognition and reward policies. Since the main objectives of the company are to increase the satisfaction of customers as well as employees, a reward or incentive system will be introduced (Weibel et al. 2010, p.387). The salary of the employees will be fixed and additional or merit pay will be provided to them according to their performance for the month. Thus, the pay system for the EMS Company, which has been aligned with the objectives of the organisation include paying salaries that are equal to or slightly more than that of the competitors and increasing it according to the knowledge and skill of the employees. Policies that are used for formulating the compensation system There are various policy decisions that have to be taken into consideration while the pay structure is being prepared, which incorporates (Ntim et al. 2017, p.40): External competitiveness Internal alignment Management of the structure of pay Contribution of the employees These policies constitute the basis of creating the structure of pay of the EMS Company, and act as a guideline with the help of which pay will be managed in the future to ensure that all the objectives of the system and organisation are accomplished (Moynihan and Pandey, 2010, p.849). Techniques for building the compensation system Proper techniques for analysing the work done and the number of people required to do it will be used for designing the pay structure (Gngr, 2011, p.1514). Surveys of the pay of other employers will be done for determining the pay structure of the EMS Company. Job evaluation method The pay of the existing employees and subsequent increase in it will be determined according to the basis of their past performance. There are four methods of evaluating job performance of individual employees job comparison or ranking method, job classification or grading method, points rating and factor comparison method. The employees at the EMS Company will be evaluated by using the grading method, which was popularised by the U.S. Civil Service Commission (Ferguson and Reio Jr, 2010, p.471). It is also known as the classification method and classes or job grades will be established. Diverse jobs that require similar skills for performing them or are of the same difficulty level will be categorised together. Analysis will be done on these job grades and according to their job type and performance, all employees will be put in different grades according to which their new salaries will be decided. This method will be perfect for this company as it is a simple and easy method, and since the company has several employees, judging them on any other basis will be very difficult (Kutlu et al. 2013, p.659). The positions of an operations manager, design engineer and assistant manager can be efficiently evaluated by using the grading method or job classification method. Operations manager The role of an operations manager is a senior role, in which the manager has the responsibility of overseeing that the EMS services are being provided efficiently, and ensuring that the organisation runs effectively while meeting the requirements and expectations of clients and customers. Design engineer The responsibility of a design engineer includes helping the consumers in building an Original Design, which will then be bought by the customer and produced for the masses (Aziri, 2011, p.77). Assistant manager The assistant manager has to ensure that customers are receiving the best possible service and all the company policies and laws are being adhered to by the employees. Efficient leadership skills are required for this job. All these jobs are significantly different from each other and will fall under different categories. The grading criteria will be formulated according to the responsibilities and level of difficulty of each job. There are various assistant managers in the company; and since these different employees fall under the same category, they will be graded by considering the same criteria (Judge et al. 2010, p.157). This will help in understanding whether all the assistant managers are performing efficiently or not, and the ones who are doing extra than what their job responsibility is, will get rewards or incentives accordingly. Reward Strategy A proper reward strategy will be developed for creating a standard process or practice to be followed within the organisation (Carraher, 2011, p.50). The reward strategy will be used used to achieve various objectives of the business along with its rationale, which include: Promoting and encouraging the employees to meet the objectives of the business To ensure that the employees are paid competitively according to the market standards Making the decisions regarding pay structure to ensure fairness Exhibiting that the EMS Company is the best employer in its class Encouraging original thinking and innovation Providing high level of service to the customers, so that there is a likelihood of repeat business Conclusion The pay system that has been formulated for the EMS Company ensures that its pay structure is aligned with the objectives of the organisation. Fairness will be ensured while deciding the salary so that the behaviour and attitude of the employees are affected in a positive manner. The pay structure will be formulated by setting the level of pay on comparison to that which has been set by the competitors of the same level. Additionally, the salary of the new employees as well as the existing employees will be based on their performance. Grading method will be used for analysing the performance of the employees and a proper reward system will be used on the basis of business rationale for encouraging the employees. Reference List Armstrong, M., 2010.Armstrong's handbook of reward management practice: Improving performance through reward. Kogan Page Publishers. Shields, J., Brown, M., Kaine, S., Dolle-Samuel, C., North-Samardzic, A., McLean, P., Johns, R., Robinson, J., O'Leary, P. and Plimmer, G., 2015.Managing Employee Performance Reward: Concepts, Practices, Strategies. Cambridge University Press. Aziri, B., 2011. 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