A Book Report Of Pride And Prejudice - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1139 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/05/31 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Pride and Prejudice Essay Did you like this example? A book report of Pride and Prejudice Pride and Prejudice was wrote by Jane Austen (1775-1817), who is one of the greatest novelists in Britain. She was born in a advantageous family which provided her a good environment to accept proper education. She had shown excellent talents in language explaining and writing when she was only 13 years old. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "A Book Report Of Pride And Prejudice" essay for you Create order In 1800, her father was retired from a rector and she had to move to Bath with him, where was said that she was very miserable, suffering from depression. And at that time, she refused a proposal of a young man who was going to inherit a large fortune because she didn’t love him whatsoever. About four years later, her father passed away and she had to move with her remarried mother to Southampton. In 1816, her health descended into an extremely bad situation and unfortunately, she was took from us in July 18th, 1817. Much as she was took from us, we also have taken something immortal from her. Pride and Prejudice is one of the most shining heritage. Its first edition was named First Impressions, but unluckily the publisher were appealed to gothic novels written by Ann Radcliffe so it didn’t come out. After years emending, Pride and Prejudice was finally published in 1813 as the third novel that Jane Austen wrote, including about 3 volumes, 61 chapters and 243000 words. It presents us a love story between two leading characters: Elizabeth Bennet and Mr. Darcy, who is a gentle but introverted landlord. The gist of the story is as follows. Elizabeth Bennet and her four sisters Kitty Bennet, Marry Bennet, Lydia Bennet, Jane Bennet (the oldest one) has approached their ages to find husbands. Nevertheless, the second child of Mrs. Bennet, Elizabeth Bennet, has no tend to find her Prince Charming and always refuses her mom’s repeated requests, which makes Mrs. Bennet very much annoyed and worried but has nothing to do with. This awkward situation changes entirely since Mr. Darcy has been coming into her world. Elizabeth is the most diligent and clever girl among her 4 sisters, and also she is a college student who pays seldom attention to the marriage. But when Mr. Darcy hits her, her firm convection is being challenged. As for Darcy, he is instantly captured by this beauty and wants to proposes to her in spite of a wide division between their families’ background. (Mr. Darcy is a rich landlord of North England) However, Elizabeth refused him grimly cause she has a prejudice on what he behaves. Mr. Darcy is not a guy who is good at expressing himself and what’s worse, a friend of his, George Wickham, always diffuses his so-called scandal and slanders him what with jealousy. Also, Elizabeth figures that Mr. Darcy is too superior and arrogant to associate with. But in point of fact, Darcy never means to it, what causes it is that he is a great landlord and this makes a misunderstanding of different social class. As time goes by, Elizabeth finds that he is not that person she used to think and Mr. Darcy shows a respectful aspect to her so the misunderstanding and prejudice melt away progressively. In the end of the story, Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy are finally shot by Cupid, ushering in a com pletely new life. Also Elizabeth’s 4 sisters find their true love of course. Just like Jane Austen said at the beginning of this book: A person may be proud without being vain. Pride relates more to our opinion of ourselves, vanity to what we would have others think of us. As for me, it’s not only a romantic story but also a educative fable which teaches us how to find our lifelong true love. A detail which is worth being noticed, leaving me a remarkable impression, is that the first time Mr. Darcy proposes to Elizabeth in chapter 34. Mr. Darcy tries his best to calm himself down but finally his emotions to Elizabeth show up. He says: In vain have I struggled. It will not do. My feelings will not be repressed. You must allow me to tell you how ardently I admire and love you. But Elizabeth refused his proposal unmercifully and says: I have every reason in the world to think ill of you. No motive can excuse the unjust and ungenerous part you acted there. You dare not, you cannot deny that you have been the principal, if not the only means of dividing them from each other, of exposing one to the censure of the world for caprice and instability, the other to its derision for disappointed hopes, and involving them both in misery of the acutest kind. This awkward and misunderstood situation is one of the climaxes in this novel, which presents a colossal gap between them. Of course this is not because what Darcy really is but different life experiences and opinions. Why â€Å"Love† is love itself is that, absolutely, it is always built up with opposite thoughts and colorful opinions, making matrimony a lifelong journey. And what happens between Elizabeth and Darcy reflects a fact that nothing is going on smoothly at first, including marriage. Only if we devote our genuine feelings and true love with absolute responsibility and patience to our partner can we have a long and romantic matrimony. Additionally, a love without any frictions is imperfect and meaningless. On the way of pursuing you love is always full of picturesque spectacles, but what you are supposed to do is to find what scenery you enjoy best and hold it firmly. May be you will be confused by money, power and something seductive while shallow, but you ought to bury it within you that those are never the stander to measure how the true love can be, just avoid those who try to defame you and tease you. After all, your love is what you make it, which is your own business. The last but not the least, from an admirer to a lifelong partner is a progressive procedure, which needs patience and responsibility. Love occurs in daily company and everyday details, and it is a fond feelings from your soul to your partner. Just take your responsibility and patience, then both of you will be overwhelming to conquer every obstructions which block on the way of your life. At last, I am willing to recommend this book intensively for its romance and educational significance. It uses graceful dialogues to express an eternal theme in pure love. And what is the most essential thing that it teaches me is, be the owner of your cherish management and struggle for your love bravely. I want to cite a sentence from Edward Scissorhands (A film directed by Tim Burton, screened in 1990.12.) to end my report: Where there is great love, there are always miracles.

The Impact Of Social Media On Young People Essay - 1679 Words

Social media is a term that is utilized in describing the interaction between individuals or groups where they produce, share ad sometimes, exchange ideas in virtual communities and the internet. The consequences of social networks on young people have become significant. Most of them have grown up surrounded by mobile devices and also interactive social networking sites such as Facebook, Twitter and also Instagram which has made these social networks a critical factor of their life. The social network has transformed the manner that students interact with their parents, their friends and also how they utilize technology (Correa, Hinsley, and De Zuniga, 2010). The world has become a global village. From the conclusions made in the study done by Mangold, and Faulds, (2009) it is clear that very person is connected to one another in this broad network that is generated by the internet. The developed electronic independence has recreated the world in the image of a global village. The electronic independence is mainly dependent upon the web. It consistently illuminates the lives of several thousands of people through spreading knowledge in an international spectrum, thereby making every individual a global citizen. Boyd, (2014) stated that in the past, the communication process and free sharing of thoughts among people were hindered by long distance, religion or nationality. But currently, event these issues cannot stop the flow of knowledge and information. The current systemShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Social Media On Young People1423 Words   |  6 Pagestime all generations have come to embrace the changes the social media has brought o n our lives where teenagers and young adults are the most fanatic users of these social sites. The impact of social media on young people is undoubtedly significant and comes in two folds; positive and negative. On the positive side, these social media can act as invaluable tools for astounding teenagers who tend to do well through the use of the social media. For instance, one of the highest paid youtubers are teenagersRead MoreThe Impact Of Social Media On Young People1065 Words   |  5 PagesSocial media is a term used to describe the interaction between groups or individuals in which they produce, share, and sometimes exchange ideas over the internet and in virtual communities. The impact of social networks on young people is significant. Teenagers are growing up surrounded by mobile devices and interactive social networking sites such as Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook, which has made the social media a vital aspect of their life. Social network is transforming the manner in whichRead MoreThe Impact Of New Social Media Technology On Young People1491 Words   |  6 PagesThe Impact of new social media technologies on young people OBSTRACT How the new social media technologies’ impacting on young people in today’s society? The study will examine the positive and negative impact of new media technologies on young people. It will explores on how new media technologies such as computer games, video games, face book, television, twitter, mobile phones, you tube, internet, television, whatsApp, Viber, Snap chat, and other modern technology are playing major role onRead MoreThe Impact Of Social Media On Young People, And How It Affects Them? Essay1871 Words   |  8 PagesI. Introduction: a. Hook: What are the influence the social networking sites has on young people, and how it affects them? (i) Since World Wide Web appeared in the world in the year of 1991, the social media sites, such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram, became popular during the last decade. (ii) The social media is widely used in this generation, as 68% of American adults use Facebook, and 28% of them use Instagram, while 26% for Pinterest, and 21% for Twitter (Greenwood et al.). Besides, theRead MoreSocial Media Has a Negative Effect on Body Image and Self Esteem1202 Words   |  5 Pages Social media has become one of the most popular sources of communication for the upcoming generation. For young people growing up in today’s society, social media outlets such as Facebook, Instagram and Twitter have provided pictures and news that have become the first thing that their eyes see in the morning and the last thing that they see before bed. These pictures have provided unrealistic standards as to what is considered beautiful in today’s society. As young people refer to these imagesRead MoreThe Impact Of Social Media On Teen Substance1033 Words   |  5 Pagesalcohol (Impact of Social Media on Teen Substance). The one thing parents do not think about at to why their teenager is involved in drugs and alcohol is social media, and it could be a big reason (Impact of Social Media on Teen Substance). Parents talk to their children on how to make the right decision related to drugs and alcohol, but forget they need to address how to make right decisions on soci al media (Impact of Social Media on Teen Substance). It was found that teenagers who use social mediaRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Social Media Essay1714 Words   |  7 PagesSocial media has become a very popular, valuable asset for everyone all over the world. Social media s great to use when reconnecting with an old friend, promoting a new business, or just when one needs a good laugh. While social media has great advantages, it also carries many disadvantages, particularly for the youth. While most adults are not able to let social media consume a large portion of their time, adolescents frequently become consumed in social media. That being said, almost every adolescentRead MoreSocial Media Disadvantages1246 Words   |  5 PagesSocial media is a way for people to communicate anywhere and at any time. Some people think that it is beneficial to have in society. Although, many people are starting to see negative effects arise from the use of social media as well. The se negative effects are increasing and becoming more problematic every day. The disadvantages of social media far outweigh the advantages. Social media effects everyone in society, especially teenagers by negatively impacting their lives, face-to-face interactionsRead MoreImpacts of Social Media on German Youth by Nazis1026 Words   |  4 PagesImpacts of social media The English Definition of social media is â€Å"websites and other online means of communication that are used by large groups of people to share information and to develop social and professional contacts† (â€Å"social media†). In comparison a German professor defines social media like this: Social media is used for the connection of their users and their communication through the Internet (Prof. Dr. Oliver Bendel). One can see that the definition is nearly the same although the peopleRead MoreSocial Media and Its Impact on Social Behavior1455 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Media and its Impact on Social Behavior Social Media and its Impact on Social Behavior Introduction Social media has drastically changed how people communicate. How many people remember how it feels to hear the phone ring in the house or receive a letter in the mail? Today’s youth know nothing other than text messages, tweets, and Facebook. Social media and the social entertaining websites of today have affected social behavior in many ways. While there are many advantages to this technological

Person centred therapy free essay sample

Looking at the underlying theory (self-actualisation, organismic self, conditions of worth etc), and the originators of it, namely Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers, I shall consider its strengths and weaknesses and look at the way in which Rogers explains and responds to psychological disorders to explore to what extent his approach might be useful in their treatment. Person-centred therapy first came into being in the 1930s and 40s with work by Dr Carl Rogers which he based, in part, on work by Abraham Maslow. Both were considered to be the founders of humanistic psychology which was also based on phenomenology. Maslow developed the idea of a ‘hierarchy of needs’ that suggested we are motivated by a series of needs that exist from birth. Each of these needs, the most basic of which is survival, has to be fulfilled. Our ultimate aim, after our physical needs have been met, and a sense of belonging and esteem achieved, is self actualisation (that is the complete fulfilment of one’s potential). Each of these needs, the most basic of which is survival, has to be fulfilled. Our ultimate aim, after our physical needs have been met, and a sense of belonging and esteem achieved, is self actualisation (that is the complete fulfilment of one’s potential). ‘The central truth for Rogers was that the client knows best. ’He believed that it was a counsellor’s task ‘to enable the client to make contact with his own inner resources rather than to guide, advise or in some other way, influence the direction the client should take’. 2 5th November 2013 Essay 1: ‘Evaluate the claim that Person–Centred Therapy offers the therapist all that he/she will need to treat clients’. Many clients seek therapy because they are lost or stuck and they cannot see the way forward. They have lost all sense of esteem because they behave, unconsciously, according to a set of rules or what we might term ‘conditions of worth’ that were dealt out to them by their parents or carers in their childhood. These are often outdated for the adult self but because the client has not yet recognised this they continue to play out in their everyday life, in the ‘here and now’. If a person considers themselves to be useless, inept, worthless, they will continuously seek out validation for that claim, seeking approval for their actions yet never feeling that they wholly achieve this. This self-concept of worthlessness has taken hold over the years and is internalised so that it becomes, by the time a client seeks help, something so destructive and hidden it will take a lot of patience and effective listening on the part of the counsellor to enable the client to feel safe enough to begin, and continue, self-disclosing. Such people are not aware of their real selves anymore; they are cut off from what, in person-centred terms is known as the organismic self. They have become so dependent on approval that they behave in ways that will elicit this in detriment to what is really needed for their psychological well-being and this, in turn, can impact on their physical health. Because the client is so terrified of not gaining positive approval and fears being rejected it can mean that the person-centred approach takes a long time to get 5th November 2013 Essay 1: ‘Evaluate the claim that Person–Centred Therapy offers the therapist all that he/she will need to treat clients’. anywhere. The ‘conditions of worth’ have been imposed so strictly the time frame of a counselling session, usually 50 minutes, is only long enough to break through a little, and then a counsellor may have to start all over again in the next session as the client has once again retreated into the safer behaviour of the ‘here and now’. What any person-centred counsellor is hoping to do is allow the client to move themselves forward, to self-actualise and determine what their most innate being, their organismic self, the being they were born into before they were conditioned by others values, is saying. In other words teach the client to learn to listen to their inner self, their intuitive gut feeling. It is hoped that by applying what Rogers termed the three ‘core conditions’ within a counselling session, every time, a climate of growth can exist. These three are known as the elements of unconditional positive regard, congruence and empathy. The counsellor’s aim is to provide the client with absolute and total acceptance; by providing this unconditional positive regard it is hoped to eventually free the client to express themselves in an environment that, no matter what, will remain always non-judgemental and positive. Secondly, congruence or genuineness should allow the client to feel ok about being their real self. If the counsellor is congruent the client may learn, with time that it is 5th November 2013 Essay 1: ‘Evaluate the claim that Person–Centred Therapy offers the therapist all that he/she will need to treat clients’. totally acceptable to be who they really are and thus they may develop in a way they previously couldn’t. Thirdly, and perhaps the most difficult to describe (because I feel this is just instinctive, an ‘intuitive knowing’, when one senses what a client is feeling), is empathy. This is the ability to put oneself in the client’s shoes and show that one really does understand, hear and accept, the way in which the client perceives the world. All worthy aims, there may however be problems with all of these elements. It is not always easy to remain non-judgemental and positive. Once a person starts to become more like more like their real self we may find we do not like them as much so it is harder to remain congruent. Also empathy is a quality that can fluctuate from one day to the next or even within one session. Personal difficulties or one’s own frame of mind may exert an influence. Defensiveness, embarrassment, one’s own expectations – all these may be blocks to empathy with stereotyping, interpreting, projecting, identifying with and reassuring being the resulting behaviour. What is crucial for any person-centred counsellor to understand is that they must, therefore, work on themselves because if they can’t accept themselves with all their own flaws, their restlessness, their lack of contentment, they are not in a position to help someone else. Evaluate the claim that Person–Centred Therapy offers the therapist all that he/she will need to treat clients’. ‘Not to be self-accepting is to entertain a contradiction at the very centre of the therapeutic enterprise’3 and herein lies a very real weakness of the person-centred approach. A counsellor can only help a client go as far as they have been themselves; they have to be willing to change and grow and often this involves feeling and experiencing a great deal of guilt in facing up to the truth about the self. Guilt is a complex emotion that masks all sorts of underlying emotions and it can take a lot of unravelling. If the counsellor has not learned about themselves in personal therapy and how their own feelings of guilt may come from the fact that they haven’t lived up to someone else’s (usually their parents) expectations, they themselves can feel worthless, depressed, a failure and then rather than transmit positivity to a client can transfer negativity. As one reads in Person-Centred Counselling in Action) ‘Counsellors learn to wait patiently for change in their clients but often find it difficult to extend to themselves the same forbearance. And yet the failure to do so makes their acceptance of their clients’ slowness or resistance to change an act at the deepest level, of patronising tolerance. ’ (p25) Indeed in the 1940s there were a lot of criticisms of person-centred therapy on a number of different grounds. As one can read in ‘An introduction to counselling’: 5th November 2013 Evaluate the claim that Person–Centred Therapy offers the therapist all that he/she will need to treat clients’. ‘A special issue of the Journal of Clinical Psychology, published in1948, brought together a collection of critiques of non-directive therapy from leading figures within the profession. ’4 Amongst those ideas contested was that of the ‘non-directive’ approach. Many of those writing said that it just was not possible for one person in a close relationship with another not to influence them slightly one way or another. At the same time there was a move away from so much emphasis on looking at what the counsellor did to focussing on how the process of self concept existed in the client and thus in the 50s this led to the process being renamed client-centred therapy . In 1957 Rogers set out to test his theories on a new set of people. These were clients who were schizophrenic and he wanted to test specifically whether the ‘core conditions’ and the ‘process’ models worked. The team working with him found many differences and in the end came to the conclusion that ‘the client-centred approach was not particularly effective  with this type of client’ as one psychologist Schlien discovered, they ‘were locked in their own private worlds’. (p172) In more recent times, Masson 1988, has been particularly critical of Rogers saying that in no way could the ‘appalling institutionalisation and oppression’ of these patients be genuinely felt or ac cepted as in the client-centred model. He wrote: 5th November 2013 Essay 1: ‘Evaluate the claim that Person–Centred Therapy offers the therapist all that he/she will need to treat clients’. ‘How could he have come to terms so easily with the coercion and violence that dominated their everyday existence? Nothing [written by Rogers] indicates any genuinely human response to the suffering he encountered in this large state hospital. ’(p172) I think, however, I would need to read some more on this because as it stands this statement seems to be very judgemental with reference to Rogers and I cannot believe that the founding father of person-centred therapy really had no ‘genuinely human response’ to suffering! Carl Rogers was also fascinated by cultural experience and indeed travelled to all parts of the world but McDougal, writing in 2002, says that ‘the [person-centred approach] inevitably lacks relevance and resonance for other cultural groups’. Whilst the positivity, the focus on the individual self and treating everyone equally no matter what, are things which match really well in American culture they may not have the same influence elsewhere. It can be argued that the therapy doesn’t take into account different cultural values and beliefs e. g. In Japan the Japanese psychologist Fujio Tomoda said that: ‘envisaging self in terms of the idea of a self concept ran the risk of over-defining an entity that in Japanese culture would be understood in a more ambiguous way as something that can ultimately never be put into words’. 5 5th November 2013 Essay 1: ‘Evaluate the claim that Person–Centred Therapy offers the therapist all that he/she will need to treat clients’. Generally speaking though it does seem that ‘the person-centred approach to counselling represents a philosophically coherent and practically robust  approach to therapy that has remained largely unchanged since the 1960s’ (p202) and it has helped a lot of people but, in my opinion it does have its limits. This is where other approaches come into play and can extend the person-centred approach. As I said earlier person-centred therapy may offer positivity and validity for the way a person is feeling in the present but I feel it does not reach far enough by not looking at how the person’s present behaviour has been determined by what has happened in their past. Some therapists who have also shared my opinion have looked at ways in which it could be integrated with other therapies. Those who work only in a ‘person-centred’ way stick to some basic philosophical assumptions about the nature of the person which I don’t think allow for greater diversity or knowledge about why something has happened and what contribution past upbringing has had on the present. For example, if one considers psychodynamic counselling, one believes that relationships with parents and one’s upbringing play a significant part in the development of a person and that in any therapy session there is more than just the client and the counsellor in the room. At any different time there can be the mother, the father, the brother, the sister etc present and through the interplay of transference and counter-transference, which is 5th November 2013 Evaluate the claim that Person–Centred Therapy offers the therapist all that he/she will need to treat clients’. acted out all the time between client and counsellor, the latter can gain insights into the client’s behaviour which may prove significant and enlightening to the client. The person-centred approach would disagree with this concept, particularly the power of unconscious drives and instincts, and it would be irrelevant to their method of achieving self- actualisation. I, however, believe that it is the unconscious that can hold us back and that our relationships with our parents and siblings can have a profound effect on our lives. I think that if we do not realise something about ourselves, where a certain behaviour has come from and why, then we are forced to keep repeating it and it will have a significant influence on us as a person. It is through understanding and making the unconscious conscious that we can liberate ourselves and learn to behave in ways that are more productive for us. We can learn about ourselves as whole people instead of parts and thus become the ‘fully functioning’ person we are supposed to be. Yes, I believe in this ‘fully functioning’ person as suggested by person-centred therapy but I believe that our method of achieving it must involve so much more than recognised by the former approach. Rogers described the concepts of  congruence  and  incongruence  as important ideas in his theory. Congruent people may lead lives that are authentic and genuine whilst incongruent people, on the other hand, lead lives that include falseness and do not Evaluate the claim that Person–Centred Therapy offers the therapist all that he/she will need to treat clients’. realise their potential. Conditions put on them by others make it necessary for them to give up their genuine, authentic lives to meet with the approval of others. They live lives that are not true to themselves and can suffer as a result. Rogers suggested that the incongruent individual, who is always on the defensive and cannot be open to all experiences, is not functioning ideally. They work hard at maintaining and protecting their self-concept through defence mechanisms but because their lives are not authentic this is a difficult task and they are under constant threat, becoming neurotic and psychologically vulnerable. Their defences may even stop working altogether with bizarre and irrational behaviour leading to great anxiety. A Rogerian approach would help them learn to adopt a more realistic self-concept by accepting who they are and thus becoming less reliant on the acceptance of others. To do this there would need to be a genuine, empathic, and nonjudgmental acceptance of the client with  active listening, accurate mirroring and reflecting of the thoughts and feelings of the client which would then need clarification by echoing and restating what the client has said. Thus some resolution may be achieved. However, whilst resolution is possible for many people with this approach I have tried to show that it doesn’t go far enough and although it provides some adequate tools for the therapist it is my belief that other therapies can offer so much more.

Public Administration Research and Theory

Question: Discuss about the Public Administration Research and Theory. Answer: Introduction Undoubtedly, people are the most costly, valuable and important resource of any organisation and the management of this resource can have a direct impact on their individual performance and the enterprise as a whole. When changes in the structure of an organisation take place, there is requirement for additional people to fill the new position. The job responsibilities of the existing employees also change; thus, it is vital to change the current pay model of being used. Since the electronics manufacturing services (EMS) company conducted a process for business transformation, various functions were reorganised and there was requirement of new people to fulfil new positions that required special competencies. After these changes, it has become imperative to reorganise the existing salary structure so that internal equity is maintained and no employee gets more or less than what is deserved. The learner has analysed the new internal pay structure that the EMS Company can adopt so that payment is done fairly. This analysis has been done by evaluating the job roles and responsibilities of the operations manager, design engineer and business unit manager of the company. Process of designing the internal pay structure of the EMS Company Pay or salary is vital for attaining the strategic goals of an organisation and the behaviours and attitudes of an employee are impacted because of it (Armstrong, 2010). A proper structure and policy for pay should be in place because if there is fairness in the level of pay, then the employees are motivated to work, otherwise their efficiency gets affected. The pay model is created by taking into account all the goals and objectives of the business organisation, and strategic thinking should be applied to ensure that the strategy is successful and both the employees as well as the organisation benefits from it. Deciding on the level of pay is based on several things; and three main building blocks are present in the framework, which includes the: Objectives of the pay structure The pay structure has to be created in such a manner that certain basic objectives are achieved, which includes complying with the laws and legislation, fairness and efficiency. Efficiency includes controlling the cost of labour, making the stockholders and customers happy, enhancing quality and improving performance (Shields et al. 2015). The main motive of the EMS Company is to provide exceptional service to its customers by undertaking services in design work and providing technical support activities for the products of their clients. Thus, the compensation objective should emphasise its dedication towards its consumers, success of the business, and its performance. The salary for all positions will be competitive with various other enterprises that are at the same level with the organisation. Fairness is a primary objective of the pay system, and this company emphasises on understanding and being open to its employees and treating them fairly. Thus, the pay will be decided treating all the employees fairly and recognising their needs and performance. For example, employees having higher training, experience or performance will receive higher pay. The design of the pay system will be guided by the objectives, mission and vision of the company (Till and Karren, 2011, p.42). This model has been adopted by keeping the vision and mission of the company in mind. The vision of the company is to create value for its consumers by providing efficient and innovative solutions and services for electronic manufacturing. The mission of the company is to excel in on-time deliver, cost minimisation, value addition, and quality and innovation implementation. This EMS Company also wants to ensure that the employees have high level of commitment, motivation and morale, by efficiently defining its training, recognition and reward policies. Since the main objectives of the company are to increase the satisfaction of customers as well as employees, a reward or incentive system will be introduced (Weibel et al. 2010, p.387). The salary of the employees will be fixed and additional or merit pay will be provided to them according to their performance for the month. Thus, the pay system for the EMS Company, which has been aligned with the objectives of the organisation include paying salaries that are equal to or slightly more than that of the competitors and increasing it according to the knowledge and skill of the employees. Policies that are used for formulating the compensation system There are various policy decisions that have to be taken into consideration while the pay structure is being prepared, which incorporates (Ntim et al. 2017, p.40): External competitiveness Internal alignment Management of the structure of pay Contribution of the employees These policies constitute the basis of creating the structure of pay of the EMS Company, and act as a guideline with the help of which pay will be managed in the future to ensure that all the objectives of the system and organisation are accomplished (Moynihan and Pandey, 2010, p.849). Techniques for building the compensation system Proper techniques for analysing the work done and the number of people required to do it will be used for designing the pay structure (Gngr, 2011, p.1514). Surveys of the pay of other employers will be done for determining the pay structure of the EMS Company. Job evaluation method The pay of the existing employees and subsequent increase in it will be determined according to the basis of their past performance. There are four methods of evaluating job performance of individual employees job comparison or ranking method, job classification or grading method, points rating and factor comparison method. The employees at the EMS Company will be evaluated by using the grading method, which was popularised by the U.S. Civil Service Commission (Ferguson and Reio Jr, 2010, p.471). It is also known as the classification method and classes or job grades will be established. Diverse jobs that require similar skills for performing them or are of the same difficulty level will be categorised together. Analysis will be done on these job grades and according to their job type and performance, all employees will be put in different grades according to which their new salaries will be decided. This method will be perfect for this company as it is a simple and easy method, and since the company has several employees, judging them on any other basis will be very difficult (Kutlu et al. 2013, p.659). The positions of an operations manager, design engineer and assistant manager can be efficiently evaluated by using the grading method or job classification method. Operations manager The role of an operations manager is a senior role, in which the manager has the responsibility of overseeing that the EMS services are being provided efficiently, and ensuring that the organisation runs effectively while meeting the requirements and expectations of clients and customers. Design engineer The responsibility of a design engineer includes helping the consumers in building an Original Design, which will then be bought by the customer and produced for the masses (Aziri, 2011, p.77). Assistant manager The assistant manager has to ensure that customers are receiving the best possible service and all the company policies and laws are being adhered to by the employees. Efficient leadership skills are required for this job. All these jobs are significantly different from each other and will fall under different categories. The grading criteria will be formulated according to the responsibilities and level of difficulty of each job. There are various assistant managers in the company; and since these different employees fall under the same category, they will be graded by considering the same criteria (Judge et al. 2010, p.157). This will help in understanding whether all the assistant managers are performing efficiently or not, and the ones who are doing extra than what their job responsibility is, will get rewards or incentives accordingly. Reward Strategy A proper reward strategy will be developed for creating a standard process or practice to be followed within the organisation (Carraher, 2011, p.50). The reward strategy will be used used to achieve various objectives of the business along with its rationale, which include: Promoting and encouraging the employees to meet the objectives of the business To ensure that the employees are paid competitively according to the market standards Making the decisions regarding pay structure to ensure fairness Exhibiting that the EMS Company is the best employer in its class Encouraging original thinking and innovation Providing high level of service to the customers, so that there is a likelihood of repeat business Conclusion The pay system that has been formulated for the EMS Company ensures that its pay structure is aligned with the objectives of the organisation. Fairness will be ensured while deciding the salary so that the behaviour and attitude of the employees are affected in a positive manner. The pay structure will be formulated by setting the level of pay on comparison to that which has been set by the competitors of the same level. Additionally, the salary of the new employees as well as the existing employees will be based on their performance. Grading method will be used for analysing the performance of the employees and a proper reward system will be used on the basis of business rationale for encouraging the employees. Reference List Armstrong, M., 2010.Armstrong's handbook of reward management practice: Improving performance through reward. Kogan Page Publishers. Shields, J., Brown, M., Kaine, S., Dolle-Samuel, C., North-Samardzic, A., McLean, P., Johns, R., Robinson, J., O'Leary, P. and Plimmer, G., 2015.Managing Employee Performance Reward: Concepts, Practices, Strategies. Cambridge University Press. Aziri, B., 2011. Job satisfaction: A literature review. Management research and practice,3(4), pp.77-86. Carraher, S.M., 2011. Turnover prediction using attitudes towards benefits, pay, and pay satisfaction among employees and entrepreneurs in Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania.Baltic Journal of Management,6(1), pp.25-52. Ferguson, K.L. and Reio Jr, T.G., 2010. Human resource management systems and firm performance.Journal of Management Development,29(5), pp.471-494. Gngr, P., 2011. The relationship between reward management system and employee performance with the mediating role of motivation: A quantitative study on global banks.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,24, pp.1510-1520. Judge, T.A., Piccolo, R.F., Podsakoff, N.P., Shaw, J.C. and Rich, B.L., 2010. The relationship between pay and job satisfaction: A meta-analysis of the literature.Journal of Vocational Behavior,77(2), pp.157-167. Kutlu, A.C., Ekmekio?lu, M. and Kahraman, C., 2013. A fuzzy multi-criteria approach to point-factor method for job evaluation.Journal of Intelligent Fuzzy Systems,25(3), pp.659-671. Moynihan, D.P. and Pandey, S.K., 2010. The big question for performance management: Why do managers use performance information?.Journal of public administration research and theory,20(4), pp.849-866. Ntim, C.G., Lindop, S., Thomas, D.A., Abdou, H. and Opong, K.K., 2017. Executive pay and performance: The moderating effect of CEO power and governance structure.The International Journal of Human Resource Management, pp.1-43. Till, R.E. and Karren, R., 2011. Organizational justice perceptions and pay level satisfaction.Journal of Managerial Psychology,26(1), pp.42-57. Weibel, A., Rost, K. and Osterloh, M., 2010. Pay for performance in the public sectorBenefits and (hidden) costs.Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory,20(2), pp.387-412.

The Enchantress of Florence Review Essay Example

The Enchantress of Florence Review Paper Essay on The Enchantress of Florence At first glance, the new book of Salman Rushdies The Enchantress of Florence a historical novel. But, in spite of the voluminous list of scientific sources, it is rather far from the dry facts of the tale in the entourage of the Middle Ages at the intersection of the borders of East and West. XVI century, blond stranger comes from distant lands to the court of the great Mughal sultan Akbar of the dynasty. Hes come a long way, to tell the story of the mighty one of its origin, to hear that are worthy of a royal ears. He tells of the wanderings of a beautiful princess Chernoglazki Kara-Koz, has the power to fascinate people. During the capture of her hometown, Princess became the prey of the Shah, but, if possible, has not returned to the family, but remained with the conqueror, for which he was removed from the history of the dynasty. Nothing lasts forever, Sheikh also was defeated, and Chernoglazka moved from one winner to another. Her next lover was the leader of the Turkish Janissaries argala, former resident of Florence. Fleeing from the wrath of the Ottoman sultan, they flee to Europe and enters the service of Giuliano de Medici. Travel Kara-Koz is exactly the same path of Rushdie and heroes of the earth under her feet, Hindustan Europe America We will write a custom essay sample on The Enchantress of Florence Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Enchantress of Florence Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Enchantress of Florence Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Among the actors: Niccolo Machiavelli, the representatives of the illustrious family of Vespucci and the Medici, approximate, and the sultans family. Akbar. Corporate identity Rushdie, turning quite freely with historical characters, he breathes life into them, gives volume and prominent character traits. One story begins in the main storyline, and then another, and all of them are connected to the overall picture, reflected, repeating, refracted, the characters to each other imaginary, fictional characters, but the power of thought is so great that the images of what he heard the story, becomes real than the surrounding reality. At the disposal of Akbars huge harem of beautiful women, but beloved wife Jodha, lives only in his fantasies, that does not prevent her to influence the sultan and the envy of competitors The central figures: the wanderer, princess, argala strangers. who have lost their roots, who left home, took a foreign culture. And this is their strength: To see the circle, it is necessary to get out of the circle. Rushdie shows that alien images of the East and the West is largely created by the mind of man, and he can also overcome differences. The book is based on the interweaving of stories, narratives and stories, the science of the past. One affects the other: from the traditions of the past comes alive, vibrant, fascinating story, because the story guest of his birth to rewrite history Dynasty The style of Florentine charmer differs from previous confession books Rushdie. there is no bias, emotional narrator, meets readers in midnight Children and Farewell sigh of the Moor. The structure has become more complex (non-linear narrative, the story-the story-the story), but at the same time has become more clear and stringent. When reading any association: The Museum of Innocence, Pamuk (again a clear, transparent text, compared with the previous authors books), My Name is Red by his (then matches a lot, the same time period, close the scene, Culture , the problem of East and West), and, oddly enough, Cranes and dwarfs Leonid Yuzefovich (again, the historical part, obsession, repetition in the narrative).

Leading restaurant chains Essay Example

Leading restaurant chains Essay Example Leading restaurant chains Essay Leading restaurant chains Essay Essay Topic: Chains McDonald s is one of the taking eating house ironss in the universe, touching the lives of people mundane. The long journey of the Burger trade name started in 1940, when two brothers, Dick and Mac McDonald opened the first McDonald s eating house in San Bernardino, California. Initially, they owned a hot dog base, but after set uping the eating house they served around 25 points, which were largely barbequed. It became a popular and profitable adolescent haunt. In 1948, the brothers closed and reopened the eating house to sell merely beefburgers, milk shakes and Gallic french friess. As per the information of the McDonald s history, the major gross came from beefburgers, which were sold at a nominal monetary value of 15 cents. The eating house bit by bit became celebrated and the McDonald brothers begin franchising their eating house in the twelvemonth 1953. The first franchise was taken by Neil Fox and under it ; the 2nd Mc Donald s eating house was opened in Fresno, California. It was the first to present the Golden Arch design. The 3rd and 4th eating houses were opened in Saginaw, Michigan and Downey, California, severally. The latter is the oldest Mc Donald s eating house still in operation. In 1954, an enterpriser and milkshake-mixer salesman, Ray Kroc, acquired the franchise of McDonald s eating house for outside California and Arizona. In consequence, Kroc opened his first and the overall 9th eating house in Illinois, Chicago, and gave birth to Mc Donald s Corporation. In 1958, the eating house concatenation sold its 100 millionth beefburger. In 1960, Kroc renamed his company as McDonald s Corporation . In 1961, Kroc convinced the McDonald brothers to sell the concern rights to him for a sum $ 2.7milion. Subsequently that twelvemonth, the Hamburger University was opened, which gave away McDonald s eating house Bachelor of Hamburgology grades to pupils. In 1963, the mascot Ronald McDonald was born as a portion of a selling scheme in US. In 1967, the first eating house outside US was opened in Richmond, British Columbia. In 1974, the 3000th eating house opened in Woolwich, United Kingdom, which is the first of the state. Happy Meal was introduced in US in 1979. In 1984, the company became the chief patron of the Summer Olympics. The twelvemonth was besides marked by the decease of Ray Kroc. In 1988, the first eating house opened in a communist state in Belgrade, Yugoslavia, followed by the first Soviet eating house in Moscow ( 1990 ) . In 1992, the largest McDonald s was opened in Beijing, China, holding over 700 seats and was subsequently demolished. In 1993, the first sea-going eating house was established, aboard the Finnish Cruise-ferry Silja Europa, sailing between Helsinki and Stockholm. In 1994, McDonald s bagged the Catalyst Award for its plan for fostering leading development in adult females . In 1996, the first Indian eating house was opened. In 2003, the company launched the I m lovin it run. In 2005, McDonald s started its McDelivery service in Singapore. In 2006, the concatenation announced that it will print nutritionary information on its packaging of all its merchandises, for the benefit of the clients. Sing the immense success and trade name McDonald s has become, the nutrient concatenation is spread across the universe in about all the major metropoliss of the Earth. Being economic and user friendly, the success rate of the company can non be doubted. McDonalds Canada opened in 1967 ; thirteen old ages after McDonalds had taken the United States by storm. This was the first eating house to be opened outside of the United States. It was in 1965 that McDonalds went public and offered portions on Wall Street. Since so it has been of import for McDonalds to continually supervise its public presentation, to do certain it is competitory and profitable piece besides being cognizant of its immediate community duties. This can be achieved by utilizing the Porters 5 Forces theoretical account so the company is able to find where its concern demands to alter or better in order to remain competitory in the fast nutrient industry. Analyse McDonalds utilizing a well known theoretical account to measure the competitory place that it occupies within its industry.Porter s competitory forces theoretical account includes five forces that need to be analysed. These forces include the strength of competition from traditional rivals, menace of new market entrants, menace of replacement merchandises and services, dickering power of clients and dickering power of providers ( Laudon A ; Laudon, 2007 ) .

Identify Musical Ideas Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Identify Musical Ideas - Assignment Example The tune provided as the first idea is quite soulful and soft. Upon listening the first musical idea, i.e. A, it can be determined that counter time of the music was at 7th second of the beginning of the idea. Again, at the end time of the idea, the counter time was in the 14th minute. Similarly, for the musical idea of B, the first counter time, which was at the beginning of the idea is at 6th second while the counter time for the later end was at the 14th second (Connect for Education, â€Å"The Concepts of Unity and Variety†). To understand the process better, the letter of musical notation can be considered to be from A to G with the pitch being in ascending order from A to G. The musical letter for A can be in the form of A  ¶ D  ¶ E  ¶ F  ¶ B  ¶ E  ¶ F  ¶ G  ¶ B  ¶ A. Again, the musical letter for idea B can be in the form of A  ¶ D  ¶ E  ¶ F  ¶ A  ¶ D  ¶ G  ¶ A. The order of the first idea started from a low high but ended on a high note. Idea A stated from 2nd second and ended at 13th second. For idea 2, the pattern was low to high and it ended with high as well. For idea B, the starting point was 30th second and the ending point was 43rd second. The composer used timbre, which involves the use of different instruments for making the song while dynamics was used to present diverse level of volume (Connect for Education, â€Å"The Concepts of Unity and Variety†). Thus, as can be apparently observed, the components of the chorus, â€Å"Here the Conquring Hero Com es† can be observed as based on the philosophies of unity and variety, consoling the minds and the persona of the listeners as expected from a rich music as

Orgin of chocolate Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Orgin of chocolate - Research Paper Example The development of chocolate has led to the development of various, delicacies where is used as an additive and a booming business around the world on this account. Cultivation of cacao has been going on for more than three thousand years or even a bit more. Before the actual cultivation of the cacao plant began, these seeds were gathered from wild cacao trees that were growing inside heavy canopy rainy forests. Then later on there were development of cacao tree plantations that were done in the canopy forests. People from northwestern South America first utilized cacao, the current Venezuela since the tree is native to this region of the world. The Olmec civilization that dates 3500 to 2500 years ago used these beverages to fortify soldiers in battle and during marches1. These people valued cacao highly and was spread northward through trading with the neighbors. It was moved to the present Mexico, which was known as Yucatan by the Maya about 1500 years ago. Aztecs after acquiring this product from the Maya urns, they used it in a number of ways with the most common use being of a bitter spice in food. Up to the sixteenth century, the Europeans did not know the drink from South and Central America. August 15 the 1502, is the first time that Christopher Columbus encountered the beans during his fourth visit to the Americas2. On this date, Columbus and his crew grabbed a large canoe that contained the beans among other goods that were for trade. However, these beans had no impact in Spain after he returned until they were introduced the Spanish courts. Henan Cortes is believed to be the first European to encounter. He did so after they conquered Mexico in the year 1519 a time when women who did so with a lot of reverence served him with chocolate. It was believed to give one power over women he took it, a believe that Bernal Diaz, who accompanied Cortes to Mexico did not agree with. After the Spanish

Computer Sciences and Information Technology Research Paper

Computer Sciences and Information Technology - Research Paper Example Computer science focuses on creating new concepts around the implementation and design of computing systems. Computer science incorporates mathematical concepts of computation as well as information. Further, Clark French (1) mentioned science can be described as the systematic study of the feasibility, expression, structure, and mechanization of the methodical procedures, also known as algorithms. These serve as the foundations for the gathering, processing, representation, communication, storage, and access to relevant data, irrespective of such gathered data is encoded in bytes or bits within the computer’s memories or just transcribed in the proteins and genes structure of the Human cellular structure. The main goal of computer science is to determine the best data processing systems computers can be efficiently and effectively automated and set into motion. Clark French (44) mentions computer science creates programs that improve the computer users’ output. With th e use of accounting software, the accountant’s prior tedious pencil and paper job is reduced by simply encoding the daily transactions. The accounting software will automatically perform all the other steps in the accounting cycle. The accounting software presents a balance sheet, income statement, statement of cash flows as well as breakdowns of receivables, breakdowns of payable amounts, and other accounting information, with just the click of a mouse. The picture development shop can use computer software such as Adobe Photoshop to enhance the output of the camera pictures. The researcher can use the Adobe reader to read pdf files uploaded on the internet. Computer science focuses on how the computer works. The focus includes determining which computer programs will work and which computer programs should be discarded. The computer scientists study which algorithms will produce an end product that is logical, realistic, and saves the computer usage time and money. The comp uter scientists implement the best algorithms that will offer a true as well as an efficient answer to a concrete or real-life problem. The computer scientists create computer program languages such as FoxPro, database III, word, and excel, photoshop, adobe reader, to ensure the specification as well as expression of the established algorithms (Toledo 47). The computer scientists design, build, as well as evaluate current and future computer operating software that can both effectively and efficiently perform prescribed program specifications. The computer scientists implement the preferred algorithm structures to significant software application domains. Michael Huth (259) insists the computer science student creates programs that will lessen the professional’s job. The medical doctor can trust the encoded computer report of the medical transcriptionist. The architect can use AutoCAD architect software to draw the minute details of a house or building. The car driver can use the computer system of the car to determine whether step on the gas or step on the brakes. Michael Huth (213) Computer scientists enter rewarding careers in many fields. One of the fields is software engineering. Another field of specialization is system administration. Another influential field is system management. A favorite field is a research and development to help the government in its drive to improve the lives of the constituents. Some of the computer scientists work in other related areas.  

Study On Serial Position Curve Phenomena

Study On Serial Position Curve Phenomena The Serial Position Curve is a psychological phenomena founded by Murdock (1962) in an experiment where the participants were tested for recall on a list of words previously learnt. This experiment has in turn become an accepted measure of memory testing. The theory for the serial position curve is that people recall a list of pre-learnt words best at the beginning and at the end of the given list. Typically, when a sequence of visual or verbal material is presented, the initial and later items in the sequence are remembered better than those from the middle of the sequence (Baddeley, Papagno Andrado 1993; Glanzer Cunitz 1966; Neath 1993). These effects are termed primacy and recency effects, respectively. Well-known primacy effects occur when people are forming a summary impression of a single entity such as a person, product or event. When information about a single entity is presented sequentially, there is usually a primacy or first impression effect, whereby the earliest information has a larger impact on the unitary impression that later information does (Anderson 1973; Asch 1946). In addition, sensory scientists report a primacy bias in hedonic assessment of food; the first food sampled is experienced most strongly, so it is likely to be the most memorable (MacFie, Bratchell, Greehoff Vallis 1989). One reason putforward for the primacy effect is that the initial items presented are most effectively stored in  long-term memory  because of the greater amount of processing devoted to them. Several studies have investigated the effects of location in a sequence on end-of-sequence choices, there is still no clear answer to the question of which location in a sequence is most advantageous. Several researchers have conducted that there are primacy effects in choice (Carney Banaji 2008; Miller Krosnick 1998), and many descriptive studies of consumer choice have found such effects (Becker 1954; Berg, Filipello, Hinreiner Sawyer 1955; Coney 1977; Dean 1980). One suggested reason for the recency effect is that these items are still present in  working memory  when recall is solicited. One suggested reason for the primacy effect is that the initial items presented are most effectively stored in  long-term memory  because of the greater amount of processing devoted to them. There is some support backing up these ideas. Firstly, the primacy effect but not the recency effect is reduced when the items are presented faster. In addition, the primacy effect is enhanced when items are presented slowly, this suggests such factors can reduce and enhance processing of each item, therefore showing evidence of permanent storage. Secondly, the recency effect but not the primacy effect is reduced when a distracter task is given such as a maths continuous subtraction prior to recalling list items. This task in turn, requires working memory, and therefore interferes with the list items trying to be rehearsed and learned. The question of primacy versus recency dominance is not clear cut and continues to be investigated and debated. Marketing researchers generally have heeded the psychologists caution to vary presentation order in consumer product testing. However, there have been no recorded attempts to determine whether first or last position bias does influence consumer choice. Glanzer Cunitiz (1966) study investigating memory recognition and primacy-recency effects found that if a distracter task was introduced immediately after participants had learnt a list of words, that the recency effect was wiped out, but the primacy effect remained. However, Bjork and Whitten (1974) found that there was still a recency effect in free recall when the participants counted backwards for twelve seconds after each item in the list was presented. According to Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968) this should have eliminated the recency effect. The vast majority of research into the serial position effect and memory has been conducted using verbal stimuli. These have found familiar bow-shaped serial position functions using a variety of theory including probed recall (Avons, Wright Pammer 1994, Nairne, Whiteman Woessner 1995) and serial reconstruction (Nairne, Reigler Serra 1991). Similar results arise if the stimulus materials are familiar pictures that can be verbally encoded (Manning Schreier 1988). Recent research has shown that serial reconstruction tasks using random matrices (Avons, 1998) and unfamiliar faces accompanied by verbal suppression (Smyth, Hay, Hitch Horton 2005) yield similarly shaped bow-shaped curves. In contrast, when memory for visual stimuli is examined using probed recognition the typical finding is not of a bow-shaped serial position curve but one with no primacy and only last item recency. Phillips Christie (1977) first demonstrated this non-standard serial position curve using a range of paradigms, with this finding being replicated using a variety of materials and methods (Avons, 1980; Avons, 1998; Broadbent and Broadbent, 1981; Hanna Loftus, 1993; Kerr, Avons Ward, 1999; Kornes, Maggnussen Reinvang, 1996; Walker, Hitch Duroe, 1993). Miles and Hodder (2005) looked at the effects of serial position on recognition memory for odours. The seven studies presented in their report looked at the contradiction in the present literature concerning the effect of serial presentation of odours on immediate recognition of test items. Usually, recognition tasks give the participant a sequence of items followed by two test items; one of which is familiar. The participant is then asked to identify the familiar item. Such a task is known as a two-alternative forced choice (2AFC) task. Using such a type of testing usually creates recency effects in the absence of primacy effects (Miles 2005). Moreover, whilst considerable primacy-recency research has been conducted by using visual and auditory stimuli (Aldridge, J.W. Farrell, M.T. 1977; Broadbent, D. Dines, R. Broadbent, M. 1978; Engle, R.W. Durban, E.D. 1977) and to a lesser extent, motor stimuli (Magill, R.A Dowell, M.N. 1977), little study has been devoted in this area to the sense of taste. However, Ward, Avons Melling (2005) reported qualitatively equivalent serial position functions for both unfamiliar faces and nonwords when applied to a two-alternative forced-choice (2AFC) recognition task and a serial order reconstruction task. The recognition task demonstrated single-item recency whilst the construction task demonstrated both primacy and recency. On the basis of these analogous functions, Ward et al (2005) proposed that the serial position effect differs due to task, rather than stimulus or modality dependent. For example, a 2AFC recognition task produced recency effects only, and serial order reconstruction tasks produces primacy and recency effects. Although, research conducted on olfactory memory and recognition has suggested memory for olfactory stimuli is different from memory for other stimuli (Baddeley 1976; Herz Engen 1996) as it has been found that immediate recognition of odours is considerably worse than that noted in visual or auditory tasks (Lawless 1978). Research into taste memory has previously investigated the presentation order effects (Dean 1980). This study measured the effects of position order in consumer taste testing on overall product preference and product rating scores. It was found that consumer product evaluations appeared to have been influenced strongly by presentation order, as first position products were preferred over later ones. This was based on both food and beverages. However, it could be argued that the results were found due to underlying reasons such as attention decrement, which is an idea emerged from serial order effects research that suggests that attention decreases over the course of stimulus exposure. In addition, it is suggested another underlying reason is a possible palate desensitisation effect, which is where participants become progressively less able to discriminate as a result of an initial taste or sensory masking effect. This effect is thought to have been visible even though Dean (1980) us ed water and crackers between products, as the participants taste discrimination may have become temporarily impaired. A second study into taste preference by Mantonakis, Rodero, Lesschaeve Hastie (2009). This study found that their measure of preference revealed a primacy advantage for the 2-wine, 3-wine, 4-wine and 5-wine sequences and a recency effect for the 4-wine and 5-wine sequence only. Mantonakis et al (2009) suggested bias reasons for this, the first was a first-is-best bias which is to account for the consistent primacy effect. In addition, the second bias was the bias in favour of each new wine accounts for the recency effect, it was found that the participants with higher expertise in wine were more persistent in looking for a better wine later in the sequence. Furthermore, Melcher Schooler (1996) had investigated the verbal overshadowing of taste memory regarding a situation where domain-specific perceptual expertise exceeds verbal expertise. Three groups of participants were used, non-wine drinkers who have virtually no experience with the stimulus and have low perceptual expertise and low verbal expertise, wine drinkers who have developed a palate for wine, therefore they have moderate perceptual expertise yet low verbal expertise, and the third group was wine experts who have high perceptual expertise and high verbal expertise. It was found that verbal overshadowing did infact occur in the wine drinkers group whereby their perceptual expertise exceeded their verbal expertise. A possible explanation for this given by Lewis, Seeley Miles (2009) is that the novice wine drinkers may not have the ability to provide verbal descriptions that were sufficiently analytic in order to establish a change in style that could carry over to the wine- recognition stage. The experts on the other hand, may have been analytic in their approach to the initial wine tasting and so, even if the verbal description task did produce a carry-over of a controlled analytic style, then this style would not have been deleterious to their wine recognition skills. Another area of taste memory that has been explored is the processing of Navon letters and wine recognition in a series of tests (Lewis, Seeley Miles 2009). It was found that wine recognition was more accurate after the reading of the global letters rather than after the reading of the local letters of the Navon stimuli. The present study investigated the effects of position order in a sequence of wines and taste recognition of a trial wine in a series of trials. The experimental hypothesis for the present study was that there would be a significant difference in correct scores between the first and third position and the second position, therefore, that primacy and regency effects would be present in taste memory.

Free Essay on Miltons Paradise Lost - Paradise Lost as an Epic :: Milton Paradise Lost Essays

Paradise Lost as an Epic  Ã‚   The Oxford English Dictionary defines "cosmos" as "the world or universe as an ordered and harmonious system," from the Greek, "kosmos," referring to an ordered and/or ornamental thing. Though Pythagoras is credited with first using this term to describe the Universe, probably since he is also the one most commonly cited for ideas of harmony and the Musica Mundana, cosmos is generally a contrast to "chaos"-"the first state of the universe." In explaining the theology and cosmology of Paradise Lost, Milton writes, "the heavens and earth/ Rose out of Chaos," describing the move from the formless mass to the ordered whole. (I:9-10) As much as this delineates the structure of the world, however, its culmination seems to appear in the Spirit, as Milton has conceived it-the free, reasoning, integrated Consciousness. Though many have found a hero in the English epic from its dramatis personae-from Adam to Satan to God/Son himself-the most encompassing heroism seems that of Milton himself, a s a manifestation of this most supreme of creations: the wholesome mind.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   An instance in which Milton's views on the sovereignty of the Spirit appear in some of the conversations of the Arch Fiend himself with his fellows-which is quite ironic, considering that the story is an extrapolation upon Christian Scripture. One of Satan's "compeers" says, during a discussion after their exile from Heaven: Too well I see and rue the dire event That, with sad overthrow and foul defeat, Hath lost us Heaven, and all this mighty host In horrible destruction laid thus low, As far as Gods and heavenly Essences Can perish: for the mind and spirit remains Invincible, and vigour soon returns, Though all our glory extinct, and happy state Here swallowed up in endless misery (I:135-140).    The invincibility of "the mind and spirit" is something which even the foes of God understand. Though the fallen angels corrupt their "heavenly Essences" with disobedience and revolt, they still have a keen understanding of the powers of perception, of personal reaction to one's environment-"for neither do the Spirits damned/ Lose all their virtue" (2:482-483). Satan boldly speaks to his fellows, asking What though the field be lost? All is not lost-the unconquerable will . . . And courage never to submit or yield (I:105-108).    Like a true hero, Satan refers to conquest and courage, a response to the tyranny he and his cohorts have received from the hand of God.

St Patricks

One of Skrzynecki’s main focuses in ‘St Patrick’s College’ is the disconnections from the environment. The imagery of ‘Our Lady watched with outstretched arms’ conveys a sense on welcoming and inclusion. However, the ‘Lady’ image is ‘overshadowed by clouds’ and this is symbolises the persona’s insecurities and doubts for the institution. The persona’s disconnections are further reinforced by the irony of ‘I stuck pine needles into the motto. ’ The motto represents the core values of the school and the persona is desecrating these ideas. This highlights the persona’s disrespect for the school and his lack of immediate adoption of the school’s ideals. Thus, the persona is alienated and a sense of acceptance is not developed within the institution. Through the simile ‘like a foreign tourist’, Skrzynecki portrays the persona’s disaffection for the school. The diction ‘tourist’ suggests that the persona is an outsider and a connection to place has not yet been developed. This idea is further reinforced by the repetition of ‘8 years’ which emphasises the persona’s lack of acceptance. It indicates that his school time has appeared long to him, indicating a lack of interest due to his alienation. The personal pronoun of ‘I’ strengthens the idea of the personas alienation, illustrating his sense of loneliness. Consequently, through the stanza’s tone of disaffection it evokes within the responders empathy for the persona’s dislocation and alienation from the physical environment. The irony of ‘privileged to wear’ represents the impediment of the individual’s progress. The persona is carrying a burden of responsibilities and expectations set by his mum and the school itself. Although he did not feel accepted in the institution he tried to assimilate with the others around him as shown by ‘Could say The Lord’s Prayer In Latin, all in one breath’. This conveys his insincerity in the prayer and that his religious understanding is only superficial. Hence, the persona has no meaningful connection to the process of learning the values and the whole schooling experience.

ACT Photo Requirements How to Pick the Right Picture

ACT Photo Requirements How to Pick the Right Picture SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you're planning to take the ACT, you need to have a picture of yourself on your admission ticket. Do you know the ACT photo requirements? Did you know that if your picture doesn't meet the requirements, you may not be allowed to take the ACT on test day? In this article, I'll thoroughly explain how to make sure that you use an appropriate ACT picture. Also, I'll let you know how to upload your photo, and finally, I'll give you some important tips to remember to prevent any unanticipated problems on test day. Why Do You Need an ACT Picture? The ACT requires a picture to confirm your identity. The photos help prevent cheating by ensuring that nobody can take the test as somebody else. Your photo will be on your Admission Ticket and will be checked against your photo ID on test day. If you don’t have an acceptable photo on your Admission Ticket, you may be prevented from taking the ACT. ACT Photo Requirements You need to be easily recognizable from your picture. These are the requirements for the photo you use: ACT Photo Basics The picture must be of only you. No group photos or pictures with your significant other. Why did he ruin her ACT photo? No blurry or grainy photos. Make sure the picture is clear. This won't work. No shadows or dark spots over your face. Shadows are bad. The picture must have a plain background. Use a portrait photo, not a landscape photo. If you take a picture with a cell phone, the phone should be held vertically when you take the photo. You must be looking directly into the camera. No side profile pictures Face the camera. No dark glasses or sunglasses. Your eyes should be visible Sunglasses and ACT photos don't mix. Don’t wear a hat or head covering, unless it’s for religious purposes. If you do wear a religious head covering, adjust it so your face can be clearly seen. The ACT is gonna need her to remove the hat. Finally, here's an acceptable photo. ACT Photo Format and Size Requirements You can upload a JPEG, JPG, PNG, or BMP image file. The maximum file size is 5 MB. The photo must be at least 640 x 480 pixels. If you scan your photo, the uploaded picture must print as a 2† x 2† image or larger. Also, if you scan your picture, crop the image to show only your head and shoulders before you upload it. Tips for Finding or Taking an ACT Picture You can use any recent photo of you that fits the ACT photo requirements. Don’t scan a driver’s license or school ID photo. The scanned image probably won’t be high enough quality to be acceptable. If you’re taking a new picture, here are some tips: Stand a few feet in front of a plain wall. If you’re taking a picture outside, avoid having the sun at your back. Try not to use the camera flash. Use the camera zoom as needed to center only your face and shoulders within the photo frame. However, keep in mind that you can also crop photos if a photo you have or take isn't perfect. ACT Photo Upload Deadlines You don’t have to upload your photo at the time you register, but you must upload your photo by the photo upload deadline. Photo deadlines are usually 8 days before the test date. I recommend uploading your photo when you register so you don’t forget. If you don’t upload your photo by the deadline, your registration will be cancelled and you won’t be allowed to take the test. Also, your registration fee won’t be refunded. You’ll be able to request a test date change, but you’ll still have to upload a photo for that test. Here are the photo upload deadlines for the 2016-2017 academic year. Test Date Deadline (by midnight central time) September 10, 2016 September 2, 2016 October 22, 2016 October 14, 2016 December 10, 2016 December 2, 2016 February , 2017 February 3, 2017 April 8, 2017 March 31, 2017 June 10, 2017 June 2, 2017 How to Upload Your ACT Picture The ACT photo upload process is fairly straightforward. You’ll be prompted to upload your photo when you register online. You can upload any picture that’s on your computer by double clicking on the file. Also, you can transfer a hard photo to your computer by scanning it. Remember to make sure the scanned image meets the requirements before uploading it. Furthermore, you can transfer a photo from a device (cell phone or camera) to your computer by plugging the appropriate USB cord into your computer and device. Additionally, you can submit a photo from a mobile device using the free ACTPhoto app. Just download and install ACTPhoto. It’s available for both iPhones and Androids. Then you’ll be able to submit a photo from your device or use the camera to take a picture to upload. Finally, you can submit a hard photo, but that’s a little more difficult, and since you’re reading this article online, I assume you have computer access to upload a photo. Common ACT Photo Issues and Important Things to Remember The ACT is so particular about Admission Tickets and the photos on your Admission Tickets because these are security measures to help maintain the integrity of the test. You need to follow all the rules so that you’re able to take the test and receive a valid score. Here are some very important reminders for you: Make sure the name on your Admission Ticket matches the name on your photo ID. Your picture and name from your photo ID is compared to the picture and name on your Admission Ticket to confirm your identity. If there’s a different name on your ID, the test center won’t be able to effectively confirm your identity and you could be barred from taking your test. When you register online, enter your name exactly as it appears on your ID. Don’t use a nickname or any other name. Don’t forget your Admission Ticket or photo ID. If you don’t bring your ticket or ID, you won’t be allowed to take the test. The night before, lay out everything you need on test day. You can even make a checklist of things to bring, and make sure you have everything before you head to the test center. Only bring an ACT-approved calculator. You can only use a calculator on the Math section, and there are restrictions on the type of calculators you can use. Read our article on calculators for more information. Make sure you follow all ACT rules and regulations. The ACT is strict about its rules. Don’t test them. Don’t discuss specific questions while you’re on break or after the test. Only work on the section you’re supposed to be working on. Don’t keep working on a section after time expires. Read my article on ACT rules for thorough information about the rules you need to follow. If you break any of these rules, your score may be cancelled. And if you’re caught cheating, the ACT can even take legal action. What's Next? Did you miss the late registration deadline for the ACT, but you still want to take the test? Learn about ACT standby testing. Are you wondering how your score is determined? Find out how ACT scores are calculated. Finally, if you're preparing for the exam, check out this post about how to ace the ACT. Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically.

The Comparison of iPhone, Droid, and BlackBerry

The Comparison of iPhone, Droid, and BlackBerry Executive Summary The report provides the comparison of three types of smartphones which are iPhone, Droid, and BlackBerry. The comparison is realized with references to the analysis of the smartphones’ basic technical characteristics and applications. The purpose of the smartphones’ critical examination is to choose the most appropriate model among the variants proposed by three leading producers within the market. The main requirements accentuated while examining the variants are the options and functions of the model and its appropriateness for the everyday personal use. To provide the necessary analysis of three types of smartphones, such criteria as the peculiarities of the operating system, usability, apps, the characteristic features of the models, and their price were determined.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Comparison of iPhone, Droid, and BlackBerry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More iPh one 4S was recommended as the most fitting variant according to the presented criteria. Introduction The modern market of digital devices proposes a lot of different variants to satisfy the taste of any customer. Each person concentrates on a range of characteristics which are important for him and necessary for completing the definite business tasks (Rentz, Flatley, and Lentz). Smartphones as the mobile devices of the new generation are practical and easy to use because they are characterized by the possibility to provide a number functions and operations. Such smartphones as iPhone, Droid, and BlackBerry have a lot advantages, and their disadvantages are predominantly based on their differences from each other. When it is necessary to choose a smartphone for a personal use, people should determine the set of criteria according to which it is possible to concentrate on the best variant to address all the personal requirements appropriately. The purpose of the report is to compare i Phone, Droid, and BlackBerry in relation to such features as the peculiarities of the operating system, usability, apps and tools, the technical characteristics, and the price of models.Advertising Looking for report on other technology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The characteristic features of iPhone The operating system used in iPhone is iOS. It is developed by Apple for smartphones produced by the company. The user interface of the system and menu are easy to navigate. The work of this multi-touch device depends on controlling the processes with the help of gestures. iPhone is also oriented to using ATT and Verizon’s network. The technical characteristics of iPhone as a mobile device can be discussed with references to iPhone 4S. iPhone 4S is the more progressive variant of iPhone 4, and it is based on the dual core Apple A5 CPU. Moreover, iPhone 4 and iPhone 4S are practical because 3.5 Retina Display provides the opportunities for the effective web browsing, e-reading, and using different multimedia. iPhones are characterized by a constant evolution of their possibilities. Thus, iPhone 3GS has the 3 megapixel camera, iPhone 4 operates the 5 megapixel camera, and iPhone 4S has the 8 megapixel camera (â€Å"Compare iPhone Models†). The customers can use a great variety of apps developed by Apple for iPhone. It is possible to access to all the necessary tools with the help of Apple’s App Store. The next feature of the smartphone worked out for iPhone 4S is the Siri voice-activated personal assistant. Apple’s FaceTime app (video chatting) is also considered by consumers as the useful and progressive tool. Moreover, it is possible to share pictures and music with the other users and utilize the function of 3D positioning.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Comparison of iPhone, Droid, and BlackBerry specifically for you for only $16 .05 $11/page Learn More Consumers are usually interested in the usability of devices in order to choose the model which addresses their needs. The usability of iPhone is based on the multi-touch screen that reacts to gestures and expands the possibilities to control the work, on the ability to quick-delete swipe and bulk-delete messages. The web connectivity is also of the great importance because it is possible to access to the web pages with the help of screen apps and organize the communication via the Internet effectively. The price of iPhone depends on its model, and it can start from $200-$300. It is also necessary to pay attention to the monthly service which can cost $150. The main advantages of iPhone are in its high web connectivity and effective e-mail tools based on the powerful operating system. The models of iPhone are also characterized by a variety of apps (â€Å"Compare iPhone Models†). The peculiarities of Droids The operating system used for the Droid is worked out by Google, and it is known as Android. The work of the operating system is associated with the work of Verizon Wireless. Many specialists and consumers agree that Android is the most flexible operating system. The system is easy to use, and the additional apps allow controlling the functions of the system. It is possible to concentrate on the technical characteristics of Droids, paying attention to the Droid 4. This smartphone operates Android OS 2.3.6. It uses the 1.2GHz dual core TI CPU.Advertising Looking for report on other technology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The users also accentuate its 4 qHD display. All the Droids are characterized by providing the access to Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and GPS. However, comparing the Droid 4 and the Droid RAZR MAXX, it is important to determine the 4.3 qHD Super AMOLED display in the Droid RAZR MAXX and the usage of the 1.2GHz dual core CPU. The Droid RAZR MAXX has the 8 megapixel camera. Droids are known by the possibilities to use touch-screen typing and developed slide-out QWERTY keyboards (â€Å"Motorola Smartphones†). The access to the apps for Droids is realized with the help of the Android Market. The number of the available apps is lower than the variety proposed by the developers of iPhone. It is possible to use such tools as OS 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich for the latest models of Droids. Moreover, Android allows using the special version of Google Maps and a number of Gmail apps. The work with the word documents is realized with the help of Quickoffice app. The usability of the Droids can be consid ered according to the parameters of using the apps and controlling the work with the help of touch-screens or traditional keyboards. Having chosen the models of Droids, users can form the menu of active apps and organize them for their rapid access. This function is similar to that one presented in iPhones, but it is more developed. Furthermore, the possibility to use the touch-screen as well as the slide-out QWERTY keyboard is discussed as the advantage of Droids. The price of Droids can start from $150. The models of Droids are discussed as more available for customers in comparison with the models proposed by iPhones or BlackBerry (â€Å"Motorola Smartphones†). The important features of BlackBerry smartphones The operating system for BlackBerry smartphones is developed by Research In Motion (RIM), the manufacturer of BlackBerry smartphones. The main feature of the system is its orientation to providing a lot of possibilities for receiving and sending e-mail messages. The w eb browser is improved with each model of BlackBerry smartphones. According to the technical characteristics, the first models of BlackBerry have hardware keyboards, but the latest models, known as BlackBerry Torch, are characterized as capacitive touch-screen phones with the multi-touch display with the high resolution. The models of the BlackBerry Torch operate BlackBerry OS 7 and use 1.2GHz CPU. These smartphones have the 5 megapixel camera, and it is also possible to access to Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and GPS. Moreover, the developers of BlackBerry smartphones pay much attention to the high security requirements. The apps for different models of the BlackBerry smartphones are available at the BlackBerry Store. The users can also find them in the other stores. To work with the word documents, the BlackBerry operates such an app as Documents to Go (â€Å"BlackBerry Smartphones†). The main advantage of the BlackBerry smartphones is their developed system of the BlackBerry messenger . It influences the usability of the models and the choice of consumers who work a lot with messages and e-mail. The price of the BlackBerry smartphones is comparable with the prices of iPhone, and it can start from $200-300 depending on the model. Conclusions and recommendations The choice of the best variant of a smartphone for the personal use should be based on the flexibility of the proposed options and operations, variety of the available apps, easiness in controlling and functioning, the advanced web connectivity, and the general level of usability. According to the examined criteria, iPhone is the most powerful device with the developed operating system and a modern touch-screen display with the high resolution which is easy to use because of the responsive interface and the specifics of the menu navigation. iPhone successfully addresses the people’s demands in web connecting, and it has the great number of the necessary apps and tools that can be accessed via the Int ernet without any problems. For instance, the Droids and BlackBerry have the weaker selection of the available apps and tools. The price of the device is comparable with the other brands’ prices and meets the public’s possibilities. iPhone is recommended as the type of smartphone with the highest characteristics. From this point, the model iPhone 4S is the most appropriate choice for the personal use. iPhone 4S (â€Å"Compare iPhone Models†). BlackBerry Smartphones. n.d. Web. Compare iPhone Models. n.d. Web. Motorola Smartphones. n.d. Web. Rentz, Kathryn, Marie Flatley, and Paula Lentz. Lesikar’s Business Communication: Connecting in a Digital World. USA: McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2010. Print.

Why corporate social responsibility matters Essay

Why corporate social responsibility matters - Essay Example Corporate companies are setting up fully fledged CSR departments focusing on the social issues of contemporary relevance. A complex chain of various stakeholders of the company including the community; vendors, customers, investors and the concerned government will be involved in a CSR decision of the company. In other words, a CSR decision of particular company will affect its varied range of stakeholders. The stakeholders will have either comply with the CSR decision or in cases, they will benefit from the CSR initiative of the company. Johnson & Johnson is a multinational company with its presence over 60 countries. It has more than 250 subsidiary companies with human resource strength of 116,000 people. Being a large company and having been using the governmental and natural resources for long years, it becomes the responsibility of Johnson & Johnson to be responsible to issues of social relevance. The objective of this essay is to critically analyze the Corporate Social Responsi bility initiatives of Johnson and Johnson. Managerial Structure of Corporate Social Responsibility Wing The company claims that CSR has been included in the mission statement of the company 60 years ago. Interestingly, in that period CSR was not a point of discussion as a responsibility to be fulfilled by Corporate Companies. The CSR initiatives of the company were started by General Robert Wood Johnson (CSR Globe, 2006) He was the Chairman of the Director Board of the company then. The first initiative taken up by the company in this regard has been claimed by the company to have taken up way back in 1906. The company supported the government to source medical supply for the victims of the earthquake that happened in San Francisco. The CSR representative for the company is the Executive Committee. This makes it clear that the CSR initiatives of Johnson & Johnson is planned and controlled by its top level management. The involvement of senior level management in thus ensured in the process of planning and implementation. The governance of Johnson & Johnson’s Corporate Social Responsibility initiatives is centrally based from its headquarters. This central approach in governance makes sure that the policy is oriented and focused on the central policies suggested by the Executive committee of the company. This further ensures the top management’s control over the CSR mechanism. The comprehensive Strategy Johnson and Johnson have developed a comprehensive strategy that clearly defines the limits of implementation of CSR. The CSR priorities of the company have been clearly defined to be limited to four sections. First of it is to cater to the company’s responsibility towards nurses, patients, doctors, mothers fathers and others who use the products of Johnson and Johnson. The second priority area is employees all across the world. The third is communities and the fourth one is stockholders. On careful analysis of these priority areas, it is cl early observable that the company has clearly defined the reach of its CSR initiatives. Interestingly, most of the beneficiaries from all the four priority areas belong to their customer base and direct dependents of the company. For instance when the patients who use their products refer to their customer base, the 116,000 people employees who are direct dependants of the company are included in within the limits of the activity. In conclusion, it can be observed that the CSR policy of Johnson and Johnson comprises of a comprehensive strategy clearly defining its limits to business development, human resource welfare, supply and sourcing chain wellbeing and community welfare. Specific CSR Programs The CSR programs of the company focus on three large areas including Environment, Social and Governance and Economic. The

Critically analyse the recruitment challenges in the case study, Essay

Critically analyse the recruitment challenges in the case study, including how they impact on the strategic issues mentioned in the case - Essay Example According to Bradshaw (2007), in any profession, employees are attracted to work for an organisation that can guarantee full time job.1 This way, employees are assured of job security and development in their course of employment in the organisation. With this in mind, Black CAP employs individuals to work for it on a contract basis, which is a part time job that lasts for three to five years. In this regard, the organisation has a challenge of hiring people that wish to work on a part time basis. In fact, studies have documented that most of the people that work on a part time basis lack the necessary skills, experience and competence that can foster organisational growth (Allen 2008). This is attributable to the idea of lack of full time job that can lock such people from acquiring skills and experience obtained by people employed permanently through training and development and other incentives accrued from long term employment.2 Therefore, Black CAP may end up only hiring desperate employees that have failed securing job in other organisations and decide to work in any organisation under any working conditions provided by the organisation. Besides, Kim (2006) noted that owing to the fact that the employees know that they would not be working for the organisation for a long time, employees can lack the required motivation to keep them productive to bring change to the organisation.3 Yudhvir (2012) argued that there are many incentives that help improve the morale of workers including non monetary benefits.4 One of these incentives is the assurance of the employer to employee that he has a permanent job that he can rely on. This way, the employee is motivated to work hard to produce top results for the organisation.5 Since Black CAP is a nonprofit organisation, its remuneration package for its employees is much far less than that of private and public sectors. Therefore, the organisation is faced with the challenge of attracting proficient