Bridge to Terabithia :: essays research papers

Bridge to Terabithia is set in rural Virginia in the mid-1970s. The chronicle revolves around characters the Aarons, the Burkes, the students and faculty in the ele handstary school. Jess Aaron, is one of the central characters. He has four sisters, two older and two younger leaving him in the middle. Brenda and Ellie ar the older teenage sisters that have a strong bond with their mother and dont pay much mind to Jess. Joyce Ann and May Belle are his undersize sisters that look up to Jess. Mr. Aarons is always away from home working in a city nearby leaving Mrs. Aarons to hold many of the responsibilities. Since she believes in the men taking care of the men jobs Jess always has work to do in place of his father. The girls never seem to have to do any work and Jess feels he is unappreciated and the black sheep of the family. The Burkes move from Washington D. C to rural Virginia. They are well off and move to the area to re-evaluate their family values. Leslie is the other main c haracter who is feel for a sense of belonging and friendship. Bill and Judy are here parents that are writers. They are consumed with their work and dont pay much attention until their parole is completed. Jess and Leslie attend the same Elementary school where they become friends resulting from a race that Leslie won. The two become inseparable and have a special place in the woods called Terabithia. To get to their perfect imaginary world you must swing across the creek on a rope. The lake becomes flooded from the constant rainfall and starts to apprehension Jess. He continues to be quite and swing across the dangerous water since Leslie is so fearless and he doesnt want to look like he is afraid of anything. Later, Jesss music teacher invites him to spend a day in Washington D.C. while Leslie travels to Terabithia with erupt him and the rope breaks and she drowns. Jess returns home that night to find out that his best friend Leslie is dead. Jess goes through the emotions of gr ieving, angry, to upset, from this incident. A few days later he returns to Terabithia so he can place a funeral wreath for Leslie. Without Jess subtile May Belle has followed him but cries for help since she was stuck in the creek.

Compare and contrast the view that ‘An Arrest’ is a tale of nature Essa

Compargon and contrast the view that An Arrest is a chronicle of naturerejecting a tender villain with the view that it is concerned moreover witha vengeful superegoAn Arrest is an ambiguous story. You can look at it in differentways. One way to see it is as a tale of nature rejecting a humanvillain. This view is put forward right from the beginning. When thenarrator uses words such as confined and fugitive to describe the subject of Orrin Brower, he creates the externalize of an animal isolated fromhuman society. This is because confined is usually a word to do withanimals or mad people who are not allowed to be in contact with humansFurther evidence to support the argument of Orrin Brower beingportrayed as a savage beast comes when the origin writes that he had,recovered liberty, which is like an animal being released into thewild. Orrin Brower does not feel guilty for beating Burton Duff or judge of the consequences of his actions, as a human would he onlyfeels and acknowledg es his freedom which is an animal-like thing todo. When he is on the run he decides to escape to the forest which maybe as he is handle like an animal he starts to believe that he isone. The fact that the narrator states he had the folly to enter aforest suggests that even though he thinks of himself as an animal,Brower is not and therefore does not belong in the forest- this provesthat nature will inevitably try to discard him. As he enters theforest, we are told that the iniquity was pretty dark with neither moonnor stars visible which could be seen as a nature trying to confuseBrower. We begin to doubt Browers animal-like image when Biercewrites, Brower had never dwelt thereabout, and knew nothing of thelay ... ...re following him to the prison was not human atall.As I mentioned earlier Brower has committed some serious crimes whichare the result of the id part of his brain taking over. The id is thepart of our brain which wants all our basic needs- our Inner Desires-such as s leep, food and sex. However our superego stops us frombecoming lazy, greedy or rapists. What happened to Brower is that hisid took over and his superego was shunned so he committed these crimeswithout any guilt. At the clearing in the forest, Browers superegosuddenly starts operating over again and conjures up the image to make theguilty conscience, which comes with it, disappear by sending him backto justice. Bierce seems to have dropped many hints to leave bothviews arguably correct. Personally, I think Bierce has done thisdeliberately to leave the story as ambiguous as the title.

How did Brecht make use of character and audience in order to successfu

Bertolt Brecht was a renowned German theatre practitioner and dramatist whose works are ascribe as having been at the leading edge of twentieth century theatre. Being a socialist-Marxist, Brecht he was deeply concerned with the society in which he lived, and so desired to change the way people two thought and acted towards their fellow man. His concept of the Epic Theatre sought to dramatically change the way in which theatre is to be performed, opposing many of the nineteenth century dramatic conventions outlined for the well-made play. Dramatic Theatre is generally thought to be constructed of a number of things including the commit of detailed characters, containing a robust plot, having evolutionary determinism, and progressing with linear development. On the other hand, Brechts Epic Theatre focuses on narrative, episodic scenes, curved storylines, and creates a broader picture of the world for the spectator. The aboriginal intention of a well-made play is to simply entertai n, and as Brecht stated, from the first it has been the theatres moving in to entertain people (Brecht, 1964, pg. 180). However, Brecht personally believed that theatre should generally be a place for learning and social correction using the stage as a political platform to both inform and cue its audience members. Although this is not to say that Brecht completely dismissed the notion of having theatrical entertainment, since his plays were also filled with music, prank and lighting. Thus, theatre should not merely try to roleplay society it should seek to shape it too. The main area that I wish to address is how Brecht made use of both character and audience in an attempt to push forward his own political and moral interests. To do this, I will be l... ...23-31, JSTOR Online. acquirable at http//www.jstor.org/stable/392365 (Accessed 19/04/2012).Ernst, R. (2005) The Spectator and non the Actor is the central focus of Brechts Stagecraft. Munich GRIN Publishing GmbH.Kolbe, J. (1954) Portrt Bertolt Brecht. electronic print Available at http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ appointBertolt-Brecht.jpg (Accessed 22/04/2012).Morley, M. (1977) Brecht A Study. New Jersey Rowman and Littlefield. prick, J. (1981) Brecht / Jan Needle and Peter Thomson. Oxford Blackwell.Styan, J. L. (1981) Modern Drama in Theory and Practice. Cambridge Cambridge University Press.Tatlow, A. and Wong, T. (1982) Brecht and East Asian Theatre The Proceedings of a Conference on Brecht in East Asian Theatre. Hong Kong Hong Kong University Press.Willett, J. (1959) The Theatre of Bertolt Brecht, A Study from Eight Aspects. London Methuen. How did Brecht make use of character and audience in order to successfuBertolt Brecht was a renowned German theatre practitioner and dramatist whose works are credited as having been at the leading edge of 20th century theatre. Being a socialist-Marxist, Brecht he was deeply concerned with the society in which he lived, and so desired to change the way people both thought and acted towards their fellow man. His concept of the Epic Theatre sought to dramatically change the way in which theatre is to be performed, opposing many of the 19th century dramatic conventions outlined for the well-made play. Dramatic Theatre is generally thought to be constructed of a number of things including the use of detailed characters, containing a robust plot, having evolutionary determinism, and progressing with linear development. On the other hand, Brechts Epic Theatre focuses on narrative, episodic scenes, curved storylines, and creates a broader picture of the world for the spectator. The primary intention of a well-made play is to simply entertain, and as Brecht stated, from the first it has been the theatres business to entertain people (Brecht, 1964, pg. 180). However, Brecht personally believed that theatre should primarily be a place for learning and social correction using the stage as a political platform to both inform and insp ire its audience members. Although this is not to say that Brecht completely dismissed the notion of having theatrical entertainment, since his plays were also filled with music, comedy and lighting. Thus, theatre should not merely try to represent society it should attempt to shape it too. The main area that I wish to address is how Brecht made use of both character and audience in an attempt to push forward his own political and moral interests. To do this, I will be l... ...23-31, JSTOR Online. Available at http//www.jstor.org/stable/392365 (Accessed 19/04/2012).Ernst, R. (2005) The Spectator and Not the Actor is the central focus of Brechts Stagecraft. Munich GRIN Publishing GmbH.Kolbe, J. (1954) Portrt Bertolt Brecht. electronic print Available at http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FileBertolt-Brecht.jpg (Accessed 22/04/2012).Morley, M. (1977) Brecht A Study. New Jersey Rowman and Littlefield. Needle, J. (1981) Brecht / Jan Needle and Peter Thomson. Oxford Blackwell.Styan, J. L. (19 81) Modern Drama in Theory and Practice. Cambridge Cambridge University Press.Tatlow, A. and Wong, T. (1982) Brecht and East Asian Theatre The Proceedings of a Conference on Brecht in East Asian Theatre. Hong Kong Hong Kong University Press.Willett, J. (1959) The Theatre of Bertolt Brecht, A Study from Eight Aspects. London Methuen.

NAFTA Destroyed Employment Essay examples -- Free Trade, Globalization

NAFTA and the North American WorkerThe North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was signed into law on celestial latitude 8, 1993 by former President Bill Clinton. The goal was to facilitate trade between the U.S., Mexico, and Canada by eliminating tariffs on goods traded between them, but it was also about creating jobs. William Orme (1996) affirmed, From the beginning, the scrub Administration said NAFTA was about three things jobs, jobs, jobs (p. 112). The trade agreement was sold to the workers of North America with the promise of better jobs, higher pay, and faster growth, but it did non turn out this way for workers in the U.S., for workers in Mexico, or for workers in Canada. According to the Economic Policy Institute, instead of an increase in better stipendiary jobs in the U.S., over a million jobs were lost in ten years with a decrease in wages for many workers with less than a college education (Scott, Salas, & Campbell, 2006). The Mexican economy that NAFTA was expe cted to prop up has become one of cheap labor used to assemble imported goods into final products for export. pack Cypher (2011) confirmed NAFTA has permanently tied Mexico to a low-wage export strategy (p. 62). In Canada, the once generous social welfare programs granted to workers and citizens alike hire been reduced since NAFTA was ratified.The U.S. WorkerAlthough the impact has been less due to the size of the U.S. economy, the U.S. worker has still been adversely affected since NAFTA was implemented. This has been mainly due to the growing trade deficits with Mexico and Canada that confirm arisen after the agreement became law. The high-paying jobs of U.S. workers in industries that manufacture and export goods have been displaced as a result of more g... ...ited?. The International Economy, 22(3), 24-35. Retrieved from Research Library. (Document ID 1554987891).Bacon, D. (2004). The children of NAFTA Labor wars on the U.S./Mexico border. Berkeley University of calcium Pre ss.Cypher, J. M. (2011). MEXICO SINCE NAFTA Elite Delusions and the Reality of Decline. New Labor Forum (Murphy Institute), 20(3), 60-69. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.MacArthur, J. R. (2000). The selling of free trade NAFTA, Washington, and the subversion of American democracy. New York Hill and Wang.Orme, W. A. (1996). Understanding NAFTA Mexico, free trade, and the in the buff North America. Austin University of Texas Press.Scott, R. E., Salas, C., & Campbell, B. (2006). Revisiting NAFTA Still not working for North Americas workers. Economic Policy Institute. EPI Briefing Paper 173. Retrieved from http//www.epi.org/publication/bp173/.

Ethical Philosophies and the Hippocratic Physician :: Philosophy Medicine

Ethical Philosophies and the Hippocratic Physician Twenty four centuries ago, Hippocrates created the profession of medicine, for the first time in human history separating and refining the art of heal from primitive superstitions and religious rituals. His famous Oath forged medicine into what the Greeks called a technik, a cunning requiring the entire person of the craftsman, an art that, according to Socrates in his dialog Gorgias, involved virtue in the soul and spirit as well as the hands and brain. Yet Hippocrates made medicine more than a craft he infused it with an intrinsic honorable quality, creating a union of medical skill and the integrity of the person physician (Cameron, 2001).So, how do we who ar aspire to be Hippocratic physicians give this goal? First we must look at the foundations for our personal ethical frameworks through meta-ethics. Meta-ethics refers to the systems by which we establish deterrent examples and ethical principles. Today there atomic num ber 18 many philosophies of meta-ethics, divided into two basic categories, moral absolutivism and moral relativism (Lawhead, 2000). The difference between these is in the nature of ethical principles, whether subjective or objective. Say something exists objectively, deal a vase on a table. The subjects perception of the vase must conform to the true vase. If, however, the subject is simply thinking about a vase, that vase exists subjectively, and its properties are contingent to the subjects contemplations. So, how do these differing systems affect the physician in attaining the Hippocratic ideal? Let us first consider relativism. To the Moral Relativist, moral principles are created within cultures and communities, coming from cultural folkways and mores (Gerson Moreno-Riao, personal communication). These principles are normative only in the culture which created them. Already, the Hippocratic Oath loses its moral weight. For example, in the 1973 roe v. Wade abortion, Justice B lackmun dismissed the centuries-long Hippocratic tradition as merely a Pythagorean manifesto, relegating it to minority status (Cameron, 2001). However, relativism does not end here. If moral principles are defined by cultures, how does one define a culture? If a social scientist were to dissect cultures into subcultures, and then divide those as well, he could logically continue making cultural distinctions until he comes to individuals as separate cultures. As a culture of one, each individual by relativisms definition creates his knowledge moral principles. This could be called ethical egoism (David Mills, personal communication). As logical conclusion extension of relativism, ethical egoism creates a world of moral unaccompanied rangers, with no one responsible to answer to any other.

Ethical Philosophies and the Hippocratic Physician :: Philosophy Medicine

Ethical Philosophies and the Hippocratic Physician Twenty four centuries ago, Hippocrates created the profession of medicine, for the first time in human history separating and refining the art of better from primitive superstitions and religious rituals. His famous Oath forged medicine into what the Greeks called a technik, a artifice requiring the entire person of the craftsman, an art that, according to Socrates in his communication Gorgias, involved virtue in the soul and spirit as well as the hands and brain. Yet Hippocrates made medicine more than a craft he infused it with an intrinsic incorrupt quality, creating a union of medical skill and the integrity of the person physician (Cameron, 2001).So, how do we who are aspire to be Hippocratic physicians master this goal? First we must look at the foundations for our personal ethical frameworks through meta-ethics. Meta-ethics refers to the systems by which we establish goods and ethical principles. Today there are many p hilosophies of meta-ethics, divided into two basic categories, moral absolutivism and moral relativism (Lawhead, 2000). The difference between these is in the nature of ethical principles, whether subjective or objective. Say something exists objectively, exchangeable a vase on a table. The subjects perception of the vase must conform to the true vase. If, however, the subject is simply thinking about a vase, that vase exists subjectively, and its properties are contingent to the subjects contemplations. So, how do these differing systems affect the physician in attaining the Hippocratic ideal? Let us first consider relativism. To the Moral Relativist, moral principles are created within cultures and communities, coming from cultural folkways and mores (Gerson Moreno-Riao, personal communication). These principles are normative only in the culture which created them. Already, the Hippocratic Oath loses its moral weight. For example, in the 1973 roe v. Wade abortion, Justice Blackm un dismissed the centuries-long Hippocratic tradition as merely a Pythagorean manifesto, relegating it to minority status (Cameron, 2001). However, relativism does not end here. If moral principles are defined by cultures, how does one define a culture? If a social scientist were to dissect cultures into subcultures, and then divide those as well, he could logically continue making cultural distinctions until he comes to individuals as separate cultures. As a culture of one, each individual by relativisms definition creates his birth moral principles. This could be called ethical egoism (David Mills, personal communication). As logical conclusion extension of relativism, ethical egoism creates a world of moral alone(predicate) rangers, with no one responsible to answer to any other.

Anti Mining Essay

I. Exordium (opening)Where you stand on this issue is deter exploitd by the question do you love this country? If you do, youll fleck for it.. minelaying is a search-and-destroy mission.II. SalutationMember of the Board of Judges, my worthy opponents, ladies and gentlemen, Good afternoon.III. DefinitionAccording to Meriam-Websters Dictionary, mining is the excavation of materials from the Earths crust, including those of thoroughgoing origin, such as coal and petroleum. Modern mining is speak toly and complicated. First, a mineral vein that sess likely produce enough of the desired warmness to justify the cost of extraction must be located. Then the size of the vein or deposit is determined, and mining engineers decide the best way to mine it. Most of the worlds yearly mineral production is extracted by surface mining, which takes open-pit mining, strip mining, and quarrying. For ore bodies that lie a considerable distance below the surface, tube-shaped structure mining must be considered. In both techniques, excavating and extracting mineral substances involve costly combinations of drilling, blasting, hoisting, and hauling, as well as measures for health and safety and reduction of environmental impact.IV. Team SplitI shall discuss the Necessity aspect while my team mate, 2nd speaker shall discuss the Beneficiality and the 3rd speaker shall discuss the practicability aspect of the proposition.V. Argument IVI. Argument IIVII. Argument IIIVIII. Closing/ConclusionHaribon Foundation features women in the book STORIES from the MINES of struggle, sisterhood and solidarity released by Alyansa Tigil mina (ATM) these are the women who continue to campaign for gentlemans gentleman dignity, biodiversity conservation and sustainable communities.Natividad Nagutom or Naty, 61, is a resident of Barangay Magapua, Mogpog in Marinduque. She is married to Julio Nagutom and a mother of eight children. She is a member of Marinduque Council for Environmental Concern (MAC EC) for anyplace 13 years. Now, she is the chairman of MACEC chapter in their barangay. Her involvement in MACEC had developed her to become a tough advocate of human rights and a safe and peaceful community. Like most members of MACEC, Naty has her own share of struggles with the impact of mining in their town. In 1993, the Maguila-guila Siltation Dam of Marcopper Mining Corporation collapsed and caused a flash flood that gushed to the Mogpog River. The heavy surge of water and mine spill had shaken their house and almost drowned them to death. Naty and her husband tied themselves with their eight children, so that they pile support each other and avoid drowning.That traumatic accept drove her to be involved in the campaign against mining in their community and the finished province. She actively participated in many seminars, trainings, and mobilizations in and out of the province which are usually sponsored by MACEC. With support from MACEC and other organization, she took t he lead in filing the bailiwick against Marcopper Mining Corporation.In 2005, she attended a Mining Conference in Baguio City organized by Legal Rights and Natural Resources Center. In the conference, she shared her experience during the 1993 flash flood and her contributions to the anti-mining actions. The participants felt her struggle almost all of them cried after realizing that they were not aalone(predicate) in the fight for justice. That experience made her an even stronger advocate.Her wholeness was challenged by the attempts of mining company to buy off her stand and discontinue. But she never thought of withdrawing the case even though sometimes it frustrates her to think that it is mournful slow.But they cherish victories and milestones in their campaignthe 50-year mining moratorium in the province is one. To Naty, mining is a destructive industry that causes people to live in revere and exposes them to so much threat. For her, mining has no place now in Mogpog and in the entire province of Marinduque. THE IMPACTS OF MINING IN THE PHILIPPINESThe problem of the issue is the shun environmental and health impact of mining. Statement of Catholic Bishops of the Philippines, 1998. Mining poses tremendous risks to life and limb, not unaccompanied to miners but to the community as well. Countless accidents shoot happened and cast off affected thousands of miners in our country, directly or indirectly caused by hazardous mining operations. There is a precise high social cost of mining and the impact on the society is immeasurable.Occupational health hazards posed by mining to workers are exposure to intense screw up, poor ventilation, vibration, dust, fumes, repetitive try on injury (RSI), intense noise, manual handling (e.g. lifting) of heavy machinery and biological and chemical hazards.Due to the nature of underground mining, miners are constantly exposed to intense heat while hydration is very limited. Miners usually have fluid and salt defici ency out-of-pocket to constant sweating, increased stress on the heart, heat stroke, opacity of the lens of the eye and reduced fertility due to high heat. Poor ventilation robs the body of needed oxygen causing the brain to malfunction and leads to many deaths especially in underground operations.Vibration on the other hand can cause permanent damage to bones and vibration syndrome or dead finger syndrome can lead to gangrene in the hands and fingers. It can withal cause digestive problems due to constant shaking of the internal organs, heart problems and disruption of the anxious(p) system.Mines exposes workers to different types of airborne particulates, making them vulnerable to systemic toxic effects due to the absorption of lead, manganese, cadmium, zinc and other toxic material.Fumes are emitted by chemicals being used or by the machines being employed during mining operations. Coupled with poor ventilation, this can trigger accidents and cause death to workers. RSI being a soft-tissue disorder is caused by overloading of particular muscle group from repetitive use or maintenance of constrained postures. Miners who suffer from RSI complain of weakness of the affected muscles, heaviness, pins and needles lead and numbness.Noise or irritating and hazardous sound can cause hearing impairment and/or disrupt body functions like blood circulation and endocrine gland imbalance. Deafness and hearing loss can become irreversible and other non-auditory effects are increased blood insistency and peptic ulcer due to increased gastrointestinal motility.Manual lifting of materials causes back troubles leading to acute pain. A large percentage of the workers suffer sooner or later from this disorder caused by their type of work. Because most mines in the Philippines extract gold, the use of sodium cyanide for leaching gold from finely ground ore is frequent. The use of liquid mercury to stimulate gold-amalgam is also wide-spread. Cyanide blocks the transfer of oxygen from the blood to the body tissues. Signs of acute poisoning include rapid breathing, gasping, tremors, convulsions and death. Effects of sub lethal poisoning include headache, dizziness and thyroid enlargement.A Fact-Finding Team composed of human rights and environmental experts from the United Kingdom which looked into the impact of mining on the environment and peoples livelihoods in the Philippines highlighted the occurrence of mining-related human rights abuses affecting local communities especially indigenous people extrajudicial killings of persons protesting against mining corruption in the mining sector political pressure on the judiciary resulting in pro-mining decisions and environmental impacts.The team observed that the record of mining companies with regard to environmental protection, disasters and post-mining clean-up in the Philippines is widely acknowledged, even with the government, to be very poor. As of 2003, there had been at least 16 serious tailing da m failures in the preceding 20 years and about 800 abandoned mine sites have not been cleaned up. Clean-up costs are estimated in billions of dollars and damage will never be fully reversed.It warned that water contamination from mining poses one of the turn over three ecological security threats in the world. Many mining applications in the Philippines are in water catchment areas close to the sea, and pose major threat to worth(predicate) marine resources. The severe pollution of the Taft river system in Eastern Samar as a result of the mining activities in Bagacay is a vivid example.The report also emphasized the very high geo-hazard risks in the Philippines. In the Philippines, over half of the active mining concessions and two-thirds of exploratory concessions are located in areas of high seismic risk where earthquakes are likely.The Philippines is considered as the hottest hotspot in the world in terms of threats to its mega diverse biodiversity. Thus there is an urgent need to properly issue its natural resources. It is estimated that 37% of Philippine forests may be exposed to new mining.We have to be concern with the past experiences where human rights were disregarded in prosecution of the mining operations. Likewise, our country is facing with the diminishing and restricted natural resources. Our government may be in need of revenue, but sacrificing the environmental management, such as the agricultural land, water and forests, which are more essential, sustainable and economically practicable.The exploration, development and utilization of mineral resources contend with the present day realities of global warming, pollution, and food shortages. matchless thing to consider is the dangers posed by earthquakes, typhoons and volcanic eruptions. Protecting the environment is avoiding risk and disaster hence the acts of provincial board members are laudable.The bill in Congress banning all mining exploration and operation in Carigara Bay shows how L eyte 2nd district Representative (Rep.) Sergio Apostol, principal authored, with Leyte 3rd district Rep. Andres Salvacion and Biliran lone district Rep. Rogelio Espina, co-authors, seriously are pertain with the lives of the people and to protect the environment.Sangguniang Panla faithfulnessigan action on mining ventures in the province show they are not sleeping on their jobs. Their concern on the effect of mining is a great service to humanity, especially for Leyteos. A negative impact on the environment, not only during its operations, but will continue even after long years of its cessation. Thus, the vital action of the government either from the national or local regime imposing regulations to moderate the negative effect of mining in a locality is necessary.Our country has extremely poor mining reputation compared from other separate of the world. Abandoned mines and even those still operating have affected the livelihoods of thousands of lesser fortunate Filipinos. Minin g has a negative effect for Filipino source of livelihood.In the case of the farmers in MacArthur wherein Leyte 2nd district Board Member Anlie Apostol is alarmed, because the Nicua Mining Corporations mining award may be against the spirit of the farming(prenominal) Reform Law. Some 40 hectares were bought with option for the farmers to buy back the land may have violated the provision that the farmer-beneficiary could not sell the land indoors 25 years.Unless the land is no longer productive and approved by the Department of Agrarian Reform in accordance with the rules in conversion or exemption. At present we have some 800 abandoned mines in the country that have caused immense environmental damage. Some of which have records of human rights abuses. Abandoned mines have left the affected residents to undergo economic difficulties. How long will Nicua operates the mining?It is worthy to note that some mining companies have failed to comply with national law and international sta ndards, according to Clare Short, a member of parliament from Birmingham, United Kingdom. As the stand taken by the Catholic Bishops Conference of the Philippines (CBCP) when they publicly opposed the 1995 Mining Act.Leyte 1st district Board Member Roque Tiu is correct in his contention that the Mines and Geosciences Bureau (MGB), and the Provincial Government of Leyte are not in contradiction over the Mining Act and the Local Government Code (LGC). It is true that licenses for mining operation is issued by the national government, however, the LGC providesSection 27. Prior Consultations Required. No project or program shall be implemented by government authorities unless the consultations mentioned in Section 2 (c) and 26 hereof are complied with, and prior approval of the Sanggunian concerned is obtained. Provided that occupants in areas where such projects are to be implemented shall not be evicted unless appropriate relocation sites have been provided, in accordance with the p rovisions of the Constitution.Section 26. vocation of National Government Agencies in the Maintenance of /Ecological Balance.- It shall be the duty of every national agency or government-owned or controlled corporation authorizing of involved in the planning and implementation of any project or program that may cause pollution, climatic change, depletion of non-renewable resources, loss of cropland, rangeland, or forest cover, and extinction of animal or flora species, to consult with the local government units, nongovernmental organizations, and other sectors concerned and explain the goals and objectives of the project or program, its impact upon the people and the community in terms of environmental or ecological balance, and the measures that will be undertaken to prevent or minimize the adverse effects thereof.In one of the rulings of the Supreme Court, it states Congress introduced Sections 26 and 27 in the Local Government Code to emphasize the legislative concern for the m aintenance of a sound ecology and clean environment. These provisions require every national government agency or government-owned and controlled corporation to hold prior consultations with the local government unit concerned and to secure the prior approval of its sanggunian in advance implementing any project or program that may cause pollution, climatic change, depletion of non-renewable resources, loss of cropland, rangeland, or forest cover and extinction of animal or plant species.

Essay on Technical Education in India

The All India Council for Technical pedagogy (AICTE) is the statutory body and a national-level council for technical cultivation, under Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Human Resource festering. 2 Established in November 1945 first as an advisory body and later on in 1987 given statutory status by an Act of Parliament, AICTE is responsible for proper planning and coordinated development of the technical education and management education governing body in India.The AICTE accredits postgraduate and graduate programs under specific categories at Indian institutions as per its charter. 3 The AICTE Act of 1987 AICTE is vested with statutory authority for planning, formulation and maintenance of norms and standards, quality authority through school accreditation, funding in priority atomic number 18as, monitoring and evaluation, maintaining parity of certification and awards and ensuring coordinated and integrated development and management of technical education in the country as part of the AICTE Act No. 2 of 1987. The AICTE Act, stated verbatim reads To provide for establishment of an All India council for Technical Education with a thought process to the proper planning and co-ordinated development of the technical education system throughout the country essay writer salary, the promotion of qualitative improvement of such education in relation to planned quantitative growth and the regulation and proper maintenance of norms and standards in the technical education system and for matters connected therewith where to misdirect essays online. edit Current objectiveIn order to improve upon the present technical education system, the current objectives is to modify the engineering curriculum as follows 1. greater emphasis on public figure oriented teaching, teaching of design methodologies, problem solving approach. 2. Greater exposure to industrial and manufacturing processes. 3. Exclusion of outmoded technologies and inclusion of the new appro priate and emerging technologies. 4. Greater input of management education and professional communication skills. edit AICTE bureaus The AICTE comprises nine bureaus, namely * Faculty Development (FD) pectus * Undergraduate Education (UG) Bureau * Postgraduate Education and Research (PGER) Bureau * Quality Assurance (QA) Bureau * Planning and Co-ordination (PC) Bureau * Research and Institutional Development (RID) Bureau * Administration (Admin) Bureau * Finance (Fin) Bureau * Academic (Acad) Bureau For each bureau, adviser is the bureau head who is assisted by technical officers and other supporting staff.The multidiscipline technical officer and staff of the Council are on deputation or on contract from government departments, University Grants Commission, academic institutions, etc. References 1. Regional Offices AICTE website. 2. Technical Education Overview Department of Higher Education 3. AICTE Actdead link 4. guinea pig Level Councils Tech Ed. , Department of Higher Ed ucation. 5. Growth of institutions affiliated to AICTE 6. UGC, AICTE to be scrapped Sibal. iGovernment. in. Retrieved 29 November 2011. 7. AICTE to revamp its approval system next week. Business Standard. Retrieved 29 November 2011. * All India Council for Technical Education Abbreviation AICTE Formation November, 1945 Headquarters New Delhi Location Kolkata, Chennai, Kanpur, Mumbai, Chandigarh, Guwahati, Bhopal, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Gurgaon1 Main organ Council Affiliations Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Human Resource Development Website Official web site Remarks Dr. S S Mantha, Chairperson (acting

Lincoln Electric Student Example

The focus a play along organizes and manages its workforce has increasingly become a source of competitive receipts Summers, 1 994), and for capital letter of Nebraska it is no contrary. capital of Nebraska galvanizingals competitive returns is their most positive aspect revealed in the assigned gaucherie bena that is embodied through and through its rewards administration and human resource worry techniques, along with quality forethought techniques Of value innovation and continual cost decrements to make capital of Nebraska so successful, regular through hard economic times. Competitive profit has contain ally shifted everyplace time.What is an gain today may not be tomorrow however, it seems that in the assigned slickness learning that Lincoln electric automobile has created a system that makes the intention more or less irrelevant (Prefer, Whatnot, & essentiality, 1995). Competing in an industry that is highly price-competitive and where price variations on standard items amounts to solely one to two portion it immediately creates a realization that to sustain continual high implementation, Lincoln electric automobile must feed a business model built on creating a continual competitive advantage (Lincoln Electric, 1994).A competitive advantage is formed when a firm washstand add value through a schema that isnt being simultaneously implemented by a competitor or is able to do so where an other firm has failed to duplicate the benefits of such strategy Assonances, 2008). The human resource techniques applyd at Lincoln Electric atomic number 18 a major tonality to its success and are what has helped drive Lincoln Electrics ability to gain a competitive advantage and continual high surgery.It is suggested that there are sixteen different fractions that help a bon ton achieve a competitive advantage through its people to include bonus indemnify, high wages, employment security, selectivity in recruiting, employee ownership, selective cultivation sharing, participation and empowerment, promotion from within, information and skill development, symbolic egalitarianism, wage capsule, names and air re designing, cross-utilization and cross-training, long-term perspective, measurement of the practices, and everywherearching school of thought (Summers, 1994).From the assigned result analyze on Lincoln Electric, nearly every one of these techniques is being utilized, especially incentive pay, high and cross-utilization/ cross-training. One of the basic functions of Lincoln Electrics commission system is a incentive-establish payment for employees (Houses, 1995). The incentive system is a aboriginal driver/ element used at Lincoln Electric that drives the employees high productivity (Brown, 1992).In the case memorize, it is revealed hat Lincoln incentive pay system utilizes four elements that are suggested to be vital to success it eliminates raises based upon seniority or cost-of- living, places everyone on some form of incentive pay, gradually increases the pay percentage, and it utilizes quality and customer satisfaction (Brown, 1992). The incentive system at Lincoln Electric rates employees on output, quality, dependability and ideas/ cooperation (Harris & Klein, 1993). Throughout this case study, we see fact after fact indicating the importance of the piecework pay incentive system utilized at Lincoln Electric (Harris &Klein, 1993) and how it keeps the employees motivated. One example shown in the case study is the interview with Jimmy Roberts, a 47 form old drill press operator, who stated that the bonus distribution plan along with biweekly pay Were the reasons for such high productivity (Lincoln Electric, 1994). Pay at Lincoln Electric is industry leading, and hourly shop workers with a high inculcate education foundation earn around ninety thousand dollars a year between hourly pay and incentives/ bonus pay (Harris & Klein, 1993) and this has helped form a compan y with a highly motivated workforce (Schuler &MacMillan, 1984). Tying into the reward compensation system, beyond the piece-work pay, is the ability to obtain additional wages through companionship sharing/ suggestions. According to the case study, the value of suggestions for improvements results in recommendations for high performance scores that ultimately determine an individuals incentive bonus amount (Lincoln Electric, 1994). This type of system of pay-for-knowledge promotes investment in firm-specific human capital that has helped improve organizational productivity though a workforce that is both multiskilled and flexible (Guthrie, 2000).A study conducted by Guthrie (2000) revealed that the pay systems that were primarily skilled based (primarily incentive based plans) were far less likely to take for employee turnover than those jobs that were group based (strictly wage based plans), thus reinforcing the elemental invite to gain a competitive advantage (Summer, 1994) su ch as that seen at in the assigned case study on Lincoln Electric.Tying into this concept of a reward compensation system is the notable fact mentioned in the case study that Lincoln Electrics employees earn nearly double as much a year as other factory workers in the Cleveland, Ohio area Lincoln electric 1994). This accounts for the back up element that Lincoln Electrics forethought meets in creating a competitive advantage. Lincoln Electrics wage system, part from hourly pay and part from the previously mentioned incentive pay, meets the need of Masses,/s (Theory Z) hierarchy need of self-actualization (an individuals need for success) (Harris & Klein, 1993).Since this is the last step on Mascots hierarchy this indicated that all other needs are met below it as well (Harris & Klein, 1 993) and since Lincoln Electric meets its employees needs they feel no urgency to leave the company which leads us into the third make human resource element that creates a competitive advantage f or Lincoln Electric long-term, stable employment (summers, 1994). Lincoln Electrics quality management utilizes a continual practice of long- term employment security that has also been a key element of its competitive success (Katz, 1998).Motivating employees can take many forms and the difference between some of the best managed companies versus other companies is their individual methods of implementing their accompany management techniques (Harris & Klein, 1993). In this case study it mentions that Lincoln Electric has not laid anyone off since World War II (Lincoln Electric, 1 994) which encompasses part of the accompanied management technique of motivating through superb human resource management (Lincoln Electric, 1994).Additional proof is assumption of a stable workforce in the case study showing that turnover is less than four percent for employees who curb been on the job for eighteen months or longer (Lincoln Electric, 1994). Not laying anyone off for over forty years and the use of a guaranteed employment policy has created a waiting list of applicants at Lincoln Electric since nineteen hundred ND thirty- tierce (Harris & Klein, 1993).There are negative consequences of down (right) sizing, using contingent work forces, minimizing labor be, outsourcing, and temporary/contract workers (Stevens, 2001 ) which Lincoln has managed to avoid through its practice of guaranteed employment. The use of this policy has created a proclamation that people are Lincoln most worthful assets (Stevens, 2001) which is reinforced by the founding principles of the company that after the customer the employee is the second most important person, even above the stockholders (Lincoln Electric, 1994).The fourth element that is observed in the assigned case study is that of its Lincoln Electrics selective job billet/ recruitment figure outes. Competitive pressures, greater recognition of human resources as a potential source of competitive advantage, and changing workfo rce demographics have made the hiring process more vigorous than ever for management (Boswell, Rolling, Lupine, & Monomania, 2003).The case study of Lincoln Electric reveals a company policy of promotion from within since nineteen- forty-four, that external hiring is only permitted for entry-level positions, and hat final selection of job candidates is made by the hiring supervisor after a committee consisting of the offense Presidents and supervisors interview candidates and is approved by the effect department (Lincoln Electric, 1994).Harris and Clinker (1993) give an additional account to the process in that it is a very vigorous one where each applicant is first screened by personnel and then is interviewed by four vice presidents who must all agree on the applicant. Each applicant is judged on their desire for success, evidence of dependability, and skills valuable to the current job (Harris &Clinker, 1993). It is suggested that management circles for a long time have known that promoting from within is good for employee morale and further more is beneficial to the company since the employee is already familiar with the ins-and-outs of the company and is well acclimated to its boilers suit culture (Hoist & Klein, 2002).Since opportunity for promotion or advancement appears to be an important driver of attraction it is unmixed that this conceptual element is very apart of the Lincoln Electric accompanied management process that has helped it to maintain a competitive advantage (Boswell, et al. 2003). This also covers the element of promotion from within Summers (1994) sixteen elements to promote a companys competitive advantage. Another competitive advantage element that is evident in the assigned case study on Lincoln Electric is the promotion of employee ownership.First the Company promotes an employee stock ownership plan that has resulted in employee ownership of fifty percent of the common stock with lxxv percent of the employees participating in the architectural plan (Lincoln Electric, 1994). A project at HP experimented with the use of stock payments as an incentive here it stock was offered for conflict completion dates and the ending result was that the project was completed six months ahead of time (Beer, Cannon, Baron, & Dailey, 2004).While a survey at the conclusion of the experiment revealed that seventy percent of the employees felt they would have worked just as hard on the project without the incentive program, sixty percent of the employees surveyed recommended that incentive programs be used with other projects at HP (Beer, Cannon, Baron, & Dailey, 2004) providing further support that stock ownership can promote growth and a competitive advantage as a whole.Second the case study on Lincoln electric reveals that employee ownership is utilized through idea sharing and employee suggestions (Lincoln Electric, 1994). This bear witness focuses on employee ownership as well as information sharing, and the particip ation and empowerment of Summers (1994) sixteen factors that help a companys competitive advantage. From the earliest years of the company James Lincoln encouraged employees to be involved and promoted an employee consultive Board that has met every two weeks with the Chief Executive Officer (Lincoln Electric, 1994).It is suggested for employees to remain engaged and productive that their input be respected by management which encourages employees to get into in decision- fashioning and creates a sense of belonging, thereby increasing their engagement and participation in emerging growth Of the company (Markos & survived, 2010). Empirical evidence in a study of advisory lineups backed the theory that advisory boards help promote growth in at least a small way with eighty-three percent stating that it was at least sanely effective to very effective and only seventeen percent stating it was a waste of time (Morsel & Poster, 2002).Additionally a number of studies have found posit ive relationships between employee engagement (such as Lincoln Electrics employee Advisory Board) and increased organizational performance (Markos & Survived, 2010). It is apparent that the advisory board suggestions have had an influence on Lincoln Electrics success, with nearly where fifty out of two to three hundred suggestions are implemented on a monthly basis (Harris & Clinker, 1993).Supplemental support can be made in the fact that Lincoln Electric continually reveals dividends to stock holders that exceeded eleven dollars a share and eave reached nearly thirty dollars per share (Lincoln Electric, 1994). A more subtle, yet still evident, element of Lincoln Electrics quality management that promotes a competitive advantage is its promotion of training and development. Harrington (1998) states that to maintain a companys most valuable resource, its people, training is necessary.Reality is that no company can maintain high performance without a knowledgeable workforce. In the Li ncoln Electric Case study production workers are given a short on-the-job training when first hired, sale agents, already college radiates, are given on-the-job training in the plant, which helps them sell products and reduce welding costs, followed by a period of work and training at one of the regional sales offices (Lincoln Electric, 1994).Giving employees appropriate training to perform their job functions increases core skills and knowledge which in turn increases their confidence stoping them to work with very little if any supervision (Markos & Survived, 2010). This may be evidence as to why Lincoln is able to retain high performance while first line supervisors generally supervise any. geld up to a hundred employees with animal interaction as stated in the case study (Lincoln Electric, 1994).Previous studies have shown that training has a positive impact on organizational performance and is associated with a companys productivity and profitability (Hansson, 2007). An emp irical study, utilizing four different mathematically tested models resulted in a the coefficient of the training variable quantity that remained positive through all four models giving evidential proof that company training is linked to higher performance on a accompanied level (Danville del Valley, ?Engel Aster Castillo, Rodriguez-Treated, 009).Additionally the case study points out that Lincoln Electric created a welding school in nineteen-seventeen on the recommendations of the Advisory board that is still in existence today, adding to continual education and the ability to learn and understand the companys primary products that revolve around the welding industry (Lincoln Electric, 1994).Saba, a Lincoln Electric Vice president, is quoted at the conclusion of the case study stating Management has encouraged education, technical publishing, and long range programs that have resulted in industry growth, thereby assuring stochasticity potential for The Lincoln Electric Company fu rther emphasizing Lincoln Electric commitment to training and knowledge that has help it maintain its high performance over the years an element made in Summers (1994) key elements to maintaining a competitive advantage.Symbolic egalitarianism, while not defined directly, is definitely revealed in the assigned case study on Lincoln Electric. Many firms that are known for achieving and sustaining a competitive advantage have some form of an egalitarianism environment according to Prefer, Whatnot, & Essentialness (1995). Symbolic egalitarianism is promoting equality it is a way of signaling o both the internal and external environment that the company has comparative equality (Prefer, Whatnot, & Essentialness, 1995).In the case study there is mention of one cafeteria where both blue collar and white collar employees all eat in the same cafeteria and there are no reserved parking spaces either, even one of the vice presidents has to park on the far end of the parking lot when arriving late one break of day after giving on off-site speech that morning (Lincoln Electric, 1994). Another company who also utilizes both Of these same characteristics is ANNUM where the executive dining room was laminated, everyone chow together and there are also no reserved parking spaces (Prefer, Whatnot, & Essentialness, 1995) both signs of egalitarianism.Symbolic egalitarianism helps promote a competitive advantage because there are no status distinctions to overcome and information/ ideas are more free-flowing (Prefer, Hating, & Essentialness, 1995). Another way Lincoln Electric promotes competitive advantage that has helped them maintain high performance is through their lack of a corporate structure. While, it is pointed out within the assigned case study that at one point business school researchers created an organizational chart, management felt it was disruptive and no formal chart is used within the company today (Lincoln Electric, 1994).Also, the aforementioned employee st ock purchase plan can also be considered a form of symbolic egalitarianism. There is evidence cited by companies showing that employees believe the existence of such stock ownership plans and other profit-sharing plans do in fact promote egalitarianism within their company (Moran, 2010). Empirical evidence also suggests that open office layouts encourage and facilitate inter- grad interaction by reducing both status differentials and physical barriers (Moran, 2010).The case analysis alludes to the old plant of Lincoln Electric that runs like clockwork because of integrated layout and non-exclusivity of the design which helps to additionally support the fact that Lincoln Electrics high performance through competitive advantage is obtained through use of symbolic forms of egalitarianism. Wage densification is somewhat interpreted in the assigned case analysis on Lincoln Electric.At Lincoln Electric base pay is de show and the reward pay system is emphasized more greatly, as seen in t he fact that some employees make up to ninety thousand dollars a year on base wages that temper no more than nine to sixteen dollars an hour (Harris & Klein, 1993). Even at sixteen dollars an hour at forty hours per week for fifty-two weeks of pay that only amounts to roughly thirty-three-thousand dollars a year at the top and for those on the low end (nine dollar an hour) thats roughly on nineteen-thousand a year.This means that someone making ninety thousand dollars a year at Lincoln Electric earns only twenty to thirty-seven percent of their pay from hourly pay and anyplace from sixty three to eighty percent of their pay from the compensation system. Since workers from new hires to hose close to retirement are all condensed into a base net profit range between nineteen and thirty-three thousand dollars this signifies that there is in fact wage compression at Lincoln Electric with emphasis on pay being directed towards the piecework pay system.According to the case study incenti ve pay has actually averaged ninety percent of pay since nineteen hundred cardinal and the average worker makes just over sixteen dollars an hour which is about two dollars better than the average manufacturing wage in Cleveland, Ohio (Lincoln Electric, 1994). One Of the benefits of Wage compression is that it fuels high performance commendations people are not constantly worried about their compensation, whether they are getting paid enough, and are not continually center on re-bargaining their pay scale (Prefer, Hating, & Essentialness, 1995).A 2002 study investigated wage dispersion and training in Europe finding that training was more frequent when wage compression was higher (Hansson, 2007) emphasizing the earlier point of Lincoln Electric promotions of training. This study shows direct relation between wage compressions and training revealing that workers are more knowledgeable and well trained hen wages are compressed, both pointed out in the Lincoln Electric case study.The overall De-emphasis on pay through wage compression helps employees focus more on organizational goals and creating meaningful colleague relationship that work towards organizational success, producing higher overall performance (Prefer, Hating, & Essentialness, 1995). Other elements included in Summers (1994) key elements to maintaining a competitive advantage, which is the prime component of Lincoln Electrics abilities to maintain continually high performance are teams and job redesign and cross-utilization and cross-training.Teams and job redesign, as well as cross-utilization/ cross-training arent really focused on within the case study assigned on Lincoln electric however it is an essential element in todays ever changing planetary environment (Limit, TKC, Kemp, 2008). According to Harrington (1998) Lincoln Electric does invest heavily in cross-training employees in many different aspects in an effort to make employees more valuable to the company.While the case study did not mention anything about cross-training another case study points out that at Lincoln Electric nearly everyone must complete the welding program since it is the Meanys main product line and to graduate from the program a requirement is that the attendee must materialize a recommendation of how to innovate the product (Prefer, Hating, & Essentialness, 1995). Long-term perspective and measurement of practices were not directly pointed at within the assigned Lincoln case study either but are implied within it.Lincoln could not have the long-term, high performance it has had without looking to the future and continually reengaging itself to measure its standards of practice. Overreaching philosophy is another topic not directly it upon in the case analysis of Lincoln Electric but this philosophy is one of bringing everything together. Various things from sales, to training, to production, to finance are all discussed within the analysis and this underlining principle is a must for any co mpany to succeed, because if the left progress to and right hand dont work together then little can get accomplished.Beyond these competitive advantage elements described there are a a couple of(prenominal) other notable items revealed in the case study that promote Lincoln Electrics continued high performance over the years to include value innovation, costs deduction, avoiding an employee union workshop, and no long-term debt (Lincoln Electric, 1994). Value innovation is essentially the simultaneous pursuit of differentiation and low cost (Leave, 2005).The case study shows instances of Lincoln Electric differentiating itself from the competition in the advancement of its small motors as well as its contribution in the welding Inner-Shield process. Additionally, it is mentioned within the case study that cost reduction programs are in place around many areas including shipping, cost reductions around material procurement and purchasing, accountability o reduce scrap, energy conse rvation, and maintain overall initial product quality (Lincoln Electric, 1994) which all contribute to providing low costs, high quality products to end consumers.It is noted that value innovation can occur anyplace within a companys activities to include products, services, delivery, costs, pricing, and the business model itself (Leave, 2005). Another minor item that can be considered minor contributions to the high performance of Lincoln Electric in the case study is the avoidance of employee unions.In the assigned case study James Lincoln was quoted as eying that Unions selfishly attempt to better its position at the expense of the people it must serve but understood that it was a natural reactions of human beings to counter the abuses of management with abuses of their own and emphasized that labor and management are not warring camps they are parts of one organization in which they must, and should, cooperate fully and happily (Lincoln Electric, 1 994) a founding management str ategy that has warded off any attempt for employees to unionize.Strong evidence is supported suggesting that higher union coverage within a company educes investment opportunities and are more capital intensive than those firms that are Nan-unionized (Brogans, Deere, & Tracy, 1994). Avoiding union of the labor force has allowed Lincoln Electric to avoid these capital intensive investments. Finally managements ability to keep the company caterpillar tread with no long- term debt accrual is evident in the assigned case study on Lincoln Electric that has helped to contribute to their high performance.When there is an surprising shortfall of cash flow within a company empirical studies have shown that there is a significant negative price reaction for great debt ND equity (Achieve & Easter-wood, 1997). Additional empirical studies show that firms that secure more debt tend to record lower earnings within that fiscal year and the year following (Achieve & Sisterhood, 1997).In the assi gned case study it is noted that risk associated with Lincoln Electric stock is minimal because the company has little debt in capital structure, highly stable earnings year after year which encourages investments in the company, until nineteen-eighty Lincoln Electric borrowed no money, and currently liabilities consist mainly of accounts payable and short-term accruals (Lincoln Electric, 1994). These practices have helped the company maintain high performance as cash flow is available to keep the company running, like a well-oiled machine.The number Of things Lincoln Electric does that helps drive its high performance seems almost endless. More than sixteen different quality management elements that help drive Lincoln Electrics competitive advantage have already been identified. The key to any business is the ability to adapt and change this has helped Lincoln Electric maintain the high performance demonstrated in the assigned case study. Even some of the aforementioned topics, suc h as training, could always be improved upon.Having an understanding of certain potential weaknesses observed in the case study will allow for recommendations to be made that can aid in Lincoln Electrics continued high performance levels. Recommendations for Continued success Lincoln Electric is no doubt innovative in its management techniques but there are a number of concerns that are addressed passim the assigned case study including incentive system, education and advancement, and employee power. While each of these has been represented as the LincolnElectrics strengths, it is recognized that a company maintains a competitive advantage though readdressing the source of the competitive advantage (Prefer, Hating, & Essentialness, 1995), or in other-words realign company strategy to maintain competitive advantage as markets change. A unreserved change in economic or industry conditions can change a companys source of competitive advantage (Consonants, 2008), even when certain ma nagement practices have been uncontested in the past.In the assigned Lincoln Electric case study this was evident during the three year recession room nineteen-hundred eighty-one to nineteen-hundred eighty three when sales plummeted thirty percent one year and then another sixteen percent the proceeding year, and through strategic adaptive change the company prevailed without laying off one single worker (Lincoln Electric, 1994). Recent uncertainty has surfaced in regards to the supply of finances with the sub- prime crisis of 2008 (Assonances, 2008) along with a changing global economy over the past two decades promote additional need for companies to remain flexible and adaptive.It is recommended that focus of restructuring Lincoln Electrics management practices around these three key areas will help Lincoln Electric remain adaptive to future cyclical changes . Incentive system Wages, Bonuses, & Benefits There are a few key indicators within the case study on Lincoln Electric tha t point to some concern over the current wage and incentive pay systems. found on the contradictions even within the case study it is surprising how successful Lincoln incentive pay system has been in the past.The case study point outs that, while the past percentage of bonus pay has resulted in high compensation, employees expressed concerns that the bonuses arena rising n accordance with profits and that todays workforce is sharing in a bonus pool that is higher than in the last few decades (Lincoln Electric, 1994). Expectancy theory predicts that bonus pools that are based on a predetermined percentage will be more effective and empirical studies have proven that when a bonus pool is set as a percentage of company revenue it significantly increases revenue and thus the money allocated to the bonus pool (Long, 2000).Based on this study it is recommended, that to maintain the current employee satisfaction and to allow employees greater access to refit sharing, that Lincoln Electri c create a formula for profit sharing where a pre-determined mathematical formula will impose the size of the bonus pool so that employees have a guarantee of the percentage that they will receive to help improve moral.

Challenges of Bowhunting

Mr. Hinson Challenges of Bow hunting Hunters everywhere be presented with a number of challenges that arise with each hunt. Bow hunting watchs are no exception to this. In most cases, bow hunters are faced with many more than challenges than some angiotensin converting enzyme hunting with a firearm. Some challenges include the extensive grooming that has to be done before each hunt, as well as beingness cognizant and knowledgeable of all of the different types of each piece of equipment and penetrating which to choose.The extensive preparation required to be a successful bow hunter is indeed an adequate challenge. Unlike hunting with a firearm, someone cannot move blindly into a cervid stand and stand a chance at harvesting a deer. One mustiness prepare. The preparation should begin with decision a bow that fits the hunter, one they are comfortable with. Things must be adjusted to suit the one who will be hunting with it. Things like the attraction weight which is the amount of weight require to pull the bow to full draw so it can be shot.After this, the hunter should practice pip this bow to part proper form and muscle memory well before season. Not only must this be mastered, tho the hunter has to be comfortable shooting from different ositions such as sitting down or standing up. But Wait It gets better One must know which positions are bankable for the deer to be in for an ethical shot to be taken. For example, if a Touchton deer was shot in the same place quartering away as if it was standing broadside, the vitals would be missed. This is only one example of why someone must have sufficient practice shooting their bow.Moving on to the bordering step in prepping Sc poping. Scouting is essential to having a successful season. In this case, success is defined as harvesting mature deer, both bucks and doe. So how does one scout? Scouting is done by walking around the property which the hunter will hunt, looking for signs of deer employment. A fe w signs of deer activity are tracks, trails, and beddings areas. Once trails and feeding areas are located, trail cameras are usually placed along them to capture pictures and videos of the deer in the area.This allows the hunter to know the deer on the property. This in turn allows the deer to be picked out and patterned. Once a deer is picked and patterned, a stand has to be placed to give the hunter the best possible opportunity to harvest deer. Obviously, this is not a one day project. It actually takes a good bit of time. Another mentionable challenge is being cognizant of all of the different types of equipment that can be utilize in this sport. Lets start with finding a bow. As I mentioned before, it important to find a bow that fits the hunter.One that has all of the specifications that hunter may want. So thats all, right? Wrong. The right bow was found, but what about the necessary accessories? One crucial accessory would be the sights on the bow. Sights are tor aiming th e bow, without them, a hunter would not hit what he or she was aiming at. Another piece of equipment of equal alue is a release. A release is what is used to release the bowstring to let the arrow fly. As with the sights, there are many to choose from. There are two main types of releases, a caliper and a thumb style.The best to get depends on who is asked. So Touchton it a preference. And what will be shot from this bow? Thats right, an arrow. Once again, there are many to be chosen from. Different arrows vary in strength, weight, dynamics, and so on. The right choice depends on the strength and speed of the bow it will be shot out of. Another important piece of equipment is the broad head. One should research thoroughly to determine the most reliable and effective one. Again, mainly a preference. There are fixed blade and mechanical broad heads.Fixed blades are Just what the name implies, they do not change during flight or impact. Mechanical broad heads that open upon impact, th eoretically producing a larger wound channel. Now I am ready to hunt Not so fast Though shuck deer may be done, most chose to hunt deer from a tree stand or ground blind. The right type of stand depends merely on the preference of the hunter and the environment being hunted. Whether it be a Lock-on style, a climbing stand, a tree stand, or a ground blind.Along with sagacious which stand to pick, knowing where to place it is a whole other challenge. It must be close enough to compensate for the limited range for a bow, but not too close so it alerts the game being hunted. As every bow hunter knows, this preparation takes months and no one step is more important than the other Also, being cognizant and knowledgeable of all of the different types of each piece of equipment and knowing which to choose is equally important. A hunter must have all of these things ready before opening day

Chinese Traditional Wedding

Chinese tralatitious Wedding In the different conclusion, at that place are globey different usance and traditions in festival celebrations. Wedding impost are adept of the most betative and symbolic customs in revealing the differences. Wedding ordinance shows not only the love of couple or two families involved, but also reflects the heritage of Chinese civilization. Ever since ancient whiles, the most delightful mowork forcets in ones life come with victor in marriage and birth of son. Chinese union decorates with one main(a) simulation is ruby which causes the Western socialization to find out how they celebrate their espouse couple.In this essay, I introduce to Chinese conventional marry ceremony much(prenominal) as the symbols, preparation, and procession of wedlock. According to Wang (1998), he explains a man side has the opportunities to charter what mixed bag of a char to be his married charr or mother of his children. First, a man finds a char rhood to unify who has neer run acrossd with anyone before. Second, a man meets womans parents to engage with her. Additionally some of marriages are concealment because marriage is not built up from a love but it was a family connection.Marriage is being arranged between two families pride and groom do not know each other. Without inquire from their parents, many women were forced to marry with the men they never k impertinent before. Lastly, Wang mentions that men are looking for a evaluate women which actor a woman appears docile, quiet, and sweet. He claims that a man marries only to virgin woman in fact prefer to a woman who fuck off never dated with anyone else beside him. In the Chinese belief, a virgin woman gives honorable to her economizes status and can dally love and peaceful to the family laterwards a marriage.In a Chinese legend, Chinese unsloped cope mean in matinee idol of love who ties a bolshy string to bind man and woman into a loving couple. T he power of red always bring the couple unitedly even from a great distance. The color red becomes a dominant allele color in the wedding ceremony red potassium hydrogen tartrate, red wedding costume, red candleetc. Red is a symbol of utmost stunt man happiness and joy. During Chinese wedding ceremony, they choose the red peonies and orchid represent love, impertinent family, safety and peace is the characteristic of Chinese culture (Xie, 1970).Unlike the flowers use in Western weddings, traditional Chinese never used white flowers in ceremonies pull funeral. In the past, a family often hires a matchmaker to go front for a co-ordinated bride and groom as their parents requests. Then, both families get to know each other, and consult a fortune teller to analyze that the man and womans birth twenty-four hours, name, and other information. Chinese people believe that a marriage deal can be brokered unless the fortune teller tells that couple is good matching (Mack, 2007).It is Ch inese culture to believe in supernatural. Contrary to Chinese culture, American culture just set a wedding date consort to time availability. American people believe that a marriage needs to build up from love not a family relationship. Xie explains that in that location are many things to pose before a wedding date for both families. The traditional marriage is not only somewhat two people but also two families cooperate in concert to celebrate this wedding. both(prenominal) families prepare a meeting sidereal daylight to discuss about wedding of their young woman or son.Then, they come together to pick an auspicious day which they believe a lucky day according to astrological signs. aft(prenominal) this meeting, this couple considers as legally engaged finished both sides of parents. This gives an opportunity for the grooms family prepares to send the gifts called Grand acquaints or betrothal Gifts to display their honest and financial ability to the brides family. Gra nd Gift is a set of gift to be represented to the brides family by grooms family. All gifts should in even numbers meaning a love of couple.Furthermore, red eggs would scent in pairs to a symbol good things in double. Li Shi Money is the amount of money to finalise by grooms family, ordinarily contains the number 9 such as $99 or $999. The traditional Chinese beliefs s public treasury exist till today and the next future Chinese generation with a to hope to die hard in happiness and peace after married. Both families are interest to prepare for their daughter and son wedding in the few months before wedding. Brides family would prepare dowries which consist of the gifts that the bride would bring to her husbands home after marriage.Once a woman marries, she considers as a part of her husbands family. The value of the dowry is used for a womans status in her new position as a wife and a daughter-in-law. Her responsibility is not about her family anymore but her husbands family ( Mack, 2007). At the same time, Xie also mentions that the grooms family is engaged to decorate the bridal house or room such as double happiness signs, red dragon and phoenix design, and red candle to represent love to the exist. The weddings unparalleled rite and tradition make the ceremony meaningful and solemn.The two rituals such as Hair dressing and Capping rituals would be held in the brides and grooms house on the morning of the wedding day. Hair dressing ritual takes place in the brides home. Brides parents choose a lucky woman who lives with parents-in-law, children and husband, to help the bride to make her hair in a bun which was a common style for traditional married woman when she becomes an adult and a married person. Similarly, capping ritual takes place in the grooms home, and hairstyle changing is commonly done by his mother (Costa, 1997).According to Mack, the traditional wedding day is the groom would bring a sedan chair with trumpet blaring to bring his bri de to his family. Finally, the last step is the tea ceremony when the new couple serves tea to their parents to show their remark to them. Moreover, the gloom parents give the gift with money to their daughter-in-law and son after alcoholism tea because this gift would encourage them to have children as soon as possible. After this ceremony, the new couple can have their private time together.Chinese wedding is complicate and too long because there are so many stairs that the bride and groom have to follow before marriage or a day of marriage. If we compare to American wedding day, American people celebrate their wedding ceremony in church with a short amount of time. American parents give more right to their daughter or son to choose the day of their marriage, location of their marriage, and pick up their wedding costume (white). White color represents purify of woman with honest and love.The Chinese traditional wedding ceremony is considered a spiritual ceremony and the display of long history and heritage of China. This search paper divides into three general taper points such as symbol, preparation, and procession. First, the symbol is about the color represents the Chinese culture and how they believe about the legend tale. Secondly, both families prepare everything for their son and daughter in the wedding day. Thirdly, the process of wedding day when the bride and groom get to meet each other and the groom brings his wife to his home with love and joy.Chinese Traditional WeddingChinese Traditional Wedding In the different culture, there are many different customs and traditions in festival celebrations. Wedding customs are one of the most representative and symbolic customs in revealing the differences. Wedding ceremony shows not only the love of couple or two families involved, but also reflects the heritage of Chinese civilization. Ever since ancient times, the most delightful moments in ones life come with success in marriage and birth of son. C hinese wedding decorates with one primary color is red which causes the Western culture to find out how they celebrate their wedding.In this essay, I introduce to Chinese traditional wedding ceremony such as the symbols, preparation, and procession of wedding. According to Wang (1998), he explains a man side has the opportunities to choose what kind of a woman to be his wife or mother of his children. First, a man finds a woman to marry who has never dated with anyone before. Second, a man meets womans parents to engage with her. Additionally some of marriages are blind because marriage is not built up from a love but it was a family connection.Marriage is being arranged between two families pride and groom do not know each other. Without asking from their parents, many women were forced to marry with the men they never knew before. Lastly, Wang mentions that men are looking for a value women which means a woman appears docile, quiet, and sweet. He claims that a man marries only to virgin woman in fact prefer to a woman who have never dated with anyone else beside him. In the Chinese belief, a virgin woman gives honorable to her husbands status and can bring love and peaceful to the family after a marriage.In a Chinese legend, Chinese people believe in god of love who ties a red string to bind man and woman into a loving couple. The power of red always bring the couple together even from a great distance. The color red becomes a dominant color in the wedding ceremony red dragon, red wedding costume, red candleetc. Red is a symbol of utmost double happiness and joy. During Chinese wedding ceremony, they choose the red peonies and orchid represent love, new family, safety and peace is the characteristic of Chinese culture (Xie, 1970).Unlike the flowers use in Western weddings, traditional Chinese never used white flowers in ceremonies except funeral. In the past, a family often hires a matchmaker to go search for a matching bride and groom as their parents requ ests. Then, both families get to know each other, and consult a fortune teller to analyze that the man and womans birthday, name, and other information. Chinese people believe that a marriage deal can be brokered unless the fortune teller tells that couple is good matching (Mack, 2007).It is Chinese culture to believe in supernatural. Contrary to Chinese culture, American culture just set a wedding date according to time availability. American people believe that a marriage needs to build up from love not a family relationship. Xie explains that there are many things to prepare before a wedding date for both families. The traditional marriage is not only about two people but also two families cooperate together to celebrate this wedding. Both families prepare a meeting day to discuss about wedding of their daughter or son.Then, they come together to pick an auspicious day which they believe a lucky day according to astrological signs. After this meeting, this couple considers as leg ally engaged through both sides of parents. This gives an opportunity for the grooms family prepares to send the gifts called Grand Gifts or betrothal Gifts to display their honest and financial ability to the brides family. Grand Gift is a set of gift to be represented to the brides family by grooms family. All gifts should in even numbers meaning a love of couple.Furthermore, red eggs would wrap in pairs to a symbol good things in double. Li Shi Money is the amount of money to determine by grooms family, usually contains the number 9 such as $99 or $999. The traditional Chinese beliefs still exist till today and the next future Chinese generation with a to hope to live in happiness and peace after married. Both families are busy to prepare for their daughter and son wedding in the few months before wedding. Brides family would prepare dowries which consist of the gifts that the bride would bring to her husbands home after marriage.Once a woman marries, she considers as a part of h er husbands family. The value of the dowry is used for a womans status in her new position as a wife and a daughter-in-law. Her responsibility is not about her family anymore but her husbands family (Mack, 2007). At the same time, Xie also mentions that the grooms family is busy to decorate the bridal house or room such as double happiness signs, red dragon and phoenix design, and red candle to represent love to the last. The weddings unique ritual and tradition make the ceremony meaningful and solemn.The two rituals such as Hair dressing and Capping rituals would be held in the brides and grooms house on the morning of the wedding day. Hair dressing ritual takes place in the brides home. Brides parents choose a lucky woman who lives with parents-in-law, children and husband, to help the bride to make her hair in a bun which was a common style for traditional married woman when she becomes an adult and a married person. Similarly, capping ritual takes place in the grooms home, and h airstyle changing is usually done by his mother (Costa, 1997).According to Mack, the traditional wedding day is the groom would bring a sedan chair with trumpet blaring to bring his bride to his family. Finally, the last step is the tea ceremony when the new couple serves tea to their parents to show their respect to them. Moreover, the gloom parents give the gift with money to their daughter-in-law and son after drinking tea because this gift would encourage them to have children as soon as possible. After this ceremony, the new couple can have their private time together.Chinese wedding is complicate and too long because there are so many steps that the bride and groom have to follow before marriage or a day of marriage. If we compare to American wedding day, American people celebrate their wedding ceremony in church with a short amount of time. American parents give more right to their daughter or son to choose the day of their marriage, location of their marriage, and pick up t heir wedding costume (white). White color represents purify of woman with honest and love.The Chinese traditional wedding ceremony is considered a spiritual ceremony and the display of long history and heritage of China. This research paper divides into three general focus points such as symbol, preparation, and procession. First, the symbol is about the color represents the Chinese culture and how they believe about the legend tale. Secondly, both families prepare everything for their son and daughter in the wedding day. Thirdly, the process of wedding day when the bride and groom get to meet each other and the groom brings his wife to his home with love and joy.Chinese Traditional WeddingChinese Traditional Wedding In the different culture, there are many different customs and traditions in festival celebrations. Wedding customs are one of the most representative and symbolic customs in revealing the differences. Wedding ceremony shows not only the love of couple or two families i nvolved, but also reflects the heritage of Chinese civilization. Ever since ancient times, the most delightful moments in ones life come with success in marriage and birth of son. Chinese wedding decorates with one primary color is red which causes the Western culture to find out how they celebrate their wedding.In this essay, I introduce to Chinese traditional wedding ceremony such as the symbols, preparation, and procession of wedding. According to Wang (1998), he explains a man side has the opportunities to choose what kind of a woman to be his wife or mother of his children. First, a man finds a woman to marry who has never dated with anyone before. Second, a man meets womans parents to engage with her. Additionally some of marriages are blind because marriage is not built up from a love but it was a family connection.Marriage is being arranged between two families pride and groom do not know each other. Without asking from their parents, many women were forced to marry with the men they never knew before. Lastly, Wang mentions that men are looking for a value women which means a woman appears docile, quiet, and sweet. He claims that a man marries only to virgin woman in fact prefer to a woman who have never dated with anyone else beside him. In the Chinese belief, a virgin woman gives honorable to her husbands status and can bring love and peaceful to the family after a marriage.In a Chinese legend, Chinese people believe in god of love who ties a red string to bind man and woman into a loving couple. The power of red always bring the couple together even from a great distance. The color red becomes a dominant color in the wedding ceremony red dragon, red wedding costume, red candleetc. Red is a symbol of utmost double happiness and joy. During Chinese wedding ceremony, they choose the red peonies and orchid represent love, new family, safety and peace is the characteristic of Chinese culture (Xie, 1970).Unlike the flowers use in Western weddings, tradit ional Chinese never used white flowers in ceremonies except funeral. In the past, a family often hires a matchmaker to go search for a matching bride and groom as their parents requests. Then, both families get to know each other, and consult a fortune teller to analyze that the man and womans birthday, name, and other information. Chinese people believe that a marriage deal can be brokered unless the fortune teller tells that couple is good matching (Mack, 2007).It is Chinese culture to believe in supernatural. Contrary to Chinese culture, American culture just set a wedding date according to time availability. American people believe that a marriage needs to build up from love not a family relationship. Xie explains that there are many things to prepare before a wedding date for both families. The traditional marriage is not only about two people but also two families cooperate together to celebrate this wedding. Both families prepare a meeting day to discuss about wedding of thei r daughter or son.Then, they come together to pick an auspicious day which they believe a lucky day according to astrological signs. After this meeting, this couple considers as legally engaged through both sides of parents. This gives an opportunity for the grooms family prepares to send the gifts called Grand Gifts or betrothal Gifts to display their honest and financial ability to the brides family. Grand Gift is a set of gift to be represented to the brides family by grooms family. All gifts should in even numbers meaning a love of couple.Furthermore, red eggs would wrap in pairs to a symbol good things in double. Li Shi Money is the amount of money to determine by grooms family, usually contains the number 9 such as $99 or $999. The traditional Chinese beliefs still exist till today and the next future Chinese generation with a to hope to live in happiness and peace after married. Both families are busy to prepare for their daughter and son wedding in the few months before wedd ing. Brides family would prepare dowries which consist of the gifts that the bride would bring to her husbands home after marriage.Once a woman marries, she considers as a part of her husbands family. The value of the dowry is used for a womans status in her new position as a wife and a daughter-in-law. Her responsibility is not about her family anymore but her husbands family (Mack, 2007). At the same time, Xie also mentions that the grooms family is busy to decorate the bridal house or room such as double happiness signs, red dragon and phoenix design, and red candle to represent love to the last. The weddings unique ritual and tradition make the ceremony meaningful and solemn.The two rituals such as Hair dressing and Capping rituals would be held in the brides and grooms house on the morning of the wedding day. Hair dressing ritual takes place in the brides home. Brides parents choose a lucky woman who lives with parents-in-law, children and husband, to help the bride to make her hair in a bun which was a common style for traditional married woman when she becomes an adult and a married person. Similarly, capping ritual takes place in the grooms home, and hairstyle changing is usually done by his mother (Costa, 1997).According to Mack, the traditional wedding day is the groom would bring a sedan chair with trumpet blaring to bring his bride to his family. Finally, the last step is the tea ceremony when the new couple serves tea to their parents to show their respect to them. Moreover, the gloom parents give the gift with money to their daughter-in-law and son after drinking tea because this gift would encourage them to have children as soon as possible. After this ceremony, the new couple can have their private time together.Chinese wedding is complicate and too long because there are so many steps that the bride and groom have to follow before marriage or a day of marriage. If we compare to American wedding day, American people celebrate their wedding cer emony in church with a short amount of time. American parents give more right to their daughter or son to choose the day of their marriage, location of their marriage, and pick up their wedding costume (white). White color represents purify of woman with honest and love.The Chinese traditional wedding ceremony is considered a spiritual ceremony and the display of long history and heritage of China. This research paper divides into three general focus points such as symbol, preparation, and procession. First, the symbol is about the color represents the Chinese culture and how they believe about the legend tale. Secondly, both families prepare everything for their son and daughter in the wedding day. Thirdly, the process of wedding day when the bride and groom get to meet each other and the groom brings his wife to his home with love and joy.

Driving Consumer Needs: Evaluating the Wal-Mart Effect by Charles Fishman Essay

IntroductionWal-mart has transformed the bodied and consumer culture in America and the rest of the world- by focusing on its corporate mission of truly Low Prices, Always, Wal-mart placed itself as a fixture in the e very(prenominal)day lives of millions of people. Fishman (2006) in his book The Wal-Mart way out bases us exactly how Wal-Mart figures in everyday corporate and consumer lives making it the biggest and most influential company in the world today.This paper evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of the book using a sociological perspective particularly on how the reservoir characterizes the impact of Wal-Mart in our contemporary troupe. Significantly, Fishman had successfully presented us with the positive and negative impact of Wal-Mart both on the business and consumer front. Moreover, to a considerable extent, Fishman was able to show how the interplay of societys many forces can yield both positive and negative effects.The Wal-Mart EffectFishman (2006) characte rized the economic power of Wal-Mart it is bigger than ExxonMobil, General Motors and General electric automobile and rakes about US$244.5 bullion sales in 2005 and it outcasts the competition by selling in three months what the number two retailer Home fund sells in one year.Rich with anecdotes and stories, the primary thesis of Fishmans The Wal-Mart Effect is that there is a price that needs to be paid in differentiate to have the cheapest possible prices in everyday Wal-Mart stores- and this price significantly affects the greater part of the American as well as the global society in that Wal-Mart pushes its suppliers and employees to take the negative side of providing its customers with the lowest prices.The fundamental strength of the book is the ability of Fishman to dissect the core strategy of Wal-Mart in lieu with the consumers demands. Wal-Mart is projected by Fishman as merely an instrument in feeding the need of consumers for very low prices- or paying for something w ith almost nothing. Even consumers who rejects the cheap prices at Wal-Mart is shown by Fishman to spend at least US$450 a year at Wal-Mart- a proving testimony that consumers are willing to sacrifice the step of products in localise to get the cheapest prices.Further more, Fishman successfully showed how Wal-Mart fosters a business relationship with its suppliers and its competing companies- suppliers and other companies are powerless in lieu with the invincibility of Wal-Mart in the retail sector. Almost whole companies sells at Wal-Mart- being the number one retail store in the country, companies cannot afford not to sell at Wal-Mart. Fishman contends that despite the negative impact of Wal-Mart on the suppliers end, they choose to sell at Wal-Mart because not selling at Wal-Mart would mean losing their biggest clientele.Interestingly, Fishman provides the readers with an entertaining work through the illustration of examples. For instance, Fishman showed that while Wal-Mart i s a very herculean player in the retail industry, not all suppliers and companies are scrambling for Wal-mart to sell their products. Fishman (2006) illustrated the case of Snapper, the maker of quality and durable lawn mowers where the CEO had refused to sell at Wal-Mart because of the repugnance of their corporate values with that of the company.Selling prices at almost the same level of the production cost would mean sacrificing the quality of the products- not to mention the salary completes and the ends to which suppliers would go through just to meet the price that Wal-Mart dictates for their products.Thus, this leads to the fourth argument of Fishman- the cost of low prices for Wal-Mart consumers is manifested in the very low wage of its employees, driving its suppliers to lower their employees wages themselves and prompting others to make production in sweatshops exploiting children and workers in third world countries, and in driving the mania of consumers for low-priced but products stripped of the product quality that corporations have initially offered. enchantment Fishmans The Wal-Mart Effect is essentially driven by the popularity of Wal-Mart, its primary weakness lies in its inability to provide a deeper paygrade of the long-term impact of The Wal-Mart Effect on the consumers. For one, the benefits of Wal-Mart to the consumers is not long-term in nature, Fishman however, did not explore this topic. Moreover, Fishman neither provided a business and sociological framework that shows how Wal-Mart is sensed in the greater part of the society and how Wal-Mart perceives its consumers.Wal-Mart has been a subject of many commentaries and success stories in the business world. For consumers, Wal-Mart is like a haven and similarly, the literature has excessively projected Wal-Mart on all the positive qualities that can be pass offn to a company. Fishman (2006) in his book provided us with the good and the bad effects of Wal-Mart- whether it is more positive or negative the author does not say but argues that the impact of Wal-Mart on world markets is very vast. The impact is such that an American feeding a Salmon from Wal-Mart significantly affects the economy of Chile.What Fishman (2006) shows is not just the business side of Wal-Mart but its larger impact on the American and world society in general. For one, Wal-Mart significantly dictates the economies of most countries because of their ability to dictate the supplier of their products. Hence, Wal-Marts goal for low prices is not a simple mathematical formulation- it involves the interplay of the societys political, economic and sociological actors.According to Fishman, in their bid to get the lowest prices, consumers are suffering both in terms of quality and in forcing suppliers and their workers to cut down on operational and production costs. On the other hand, political institutions are being pressured by Wal-Mart to submit to their demands because of the possible c hange in a countrys economy once Wal-Mart decides to do business with them.Fishmans audience spans all individuals regardless of gender, age or socio-economic status. This is because Wal-Mart spans all sociological barriers as well- businesses, suppliers, workers, housewives, even the young adults and adolescents are all familiar with Wal-Mart as a part of their everyday lives. Fishmans The Wal-Mart Effect is therefore more than just an provoke book it presents an open-minded presentation and analysis of Wal-Mart and its impact on the greater society.By illustrating examples, Fishmas the Wal-Mart Effect succeeded and how it had benefited the common American in providing low prices and at the same time, illustrated the cases of Wal-Marts suppliers and how Wal-Mart has twisted their corporate values in order to adhere to their own.Using simple illustrations, Fishman was able to tell us that Wal-Mart gives what the consumers ask for- stingily priced products. However, he also showed the cost of these low prices- sweatshops, measly wages for its employees, changing corporate goals and driving consumers to demand for cheaper products. Feeding this type of consumer system is the goal of Wal-Mart and it is the very reason why consumers are rewarding the company.While Fishman is a journalist, he offered his viewpoints using investigative journalism means and with scholarly ethics not to go overboard. The goal of Fishman is not to show the myth surrounding Wal-Mart but rather to offer an alternate view on how the company operates and how it achieves its goals. Notably, Fishman was successful in providing a book that covers not just a description but rather a deeper understanding of how Wal-Mart works and how it affects every individual and the society.Conclusion Fishmans The Wal-Mart Effect does not offer to provide the scholarly or deeper understanding of the success of Wal-Mart but rather it seeks to present a more balanced view of how Wal-Mart strives to give chea per products to the consumers. Using an easy-read tone of writing, Fishman captures the imagination and the interest of its readers and takes them into a journey of the different facets and strands of the company. Fishman succeeds in providing the details that readers need in order to form their own conclusion. While most part of the text is judgment-free, one is left asking how the biggest company in the world has achieved that much power to change the very society that created it. course creditFishman, C. (2006) The Wal-Mart Effect How the Worlds Most Powerful Company Really Worksand How Its Transforming the American Economy. The Penguin Press 294 pages.